使用工厂模式解耦

代码结构

bean.properties

accountService = com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl
accountDao = com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl

BeanFactory.java

1. 这里AccountServiceImpl对象只会创建一次，在静态代码块加载的时候创建对象，并保存在beans里，是单例的。

package com.itheima.factory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

public class BeanFactory {
//    定义一个Properties对象
    private static Properties props;
//    定义一个Map，用于存放我们要创建的对象，称之为容器
    private static Map<String,Object> beans;
//    使用静态代码块为Properties对象赋值
    static {
        try {
//          实例化对象
            props = new Properties();
//          获取properties文件的流对象
            InputStream in = BeanFactory.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("bean.properties");
            props.load(in);
//          实例化容器
            beans = new HashMap<String, Object>();
//            取出配置文件中所有的Key
            Enumeration keys = props.keys();
//            遍历枚举
            while(keys.hasMoreElements()){
//                取出每个key
                String key = keys.nextElement().toString();
//                根据key获取value
                String beanPath = props.getProperty(key);
//                反射创建对象
                Object value = Class.forName(beanPath).newInstance();
//                把key和value存入容器
                beans.put(key,value);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError("初始化properties失败！");

        }
}
//    根据bean的名称获取对象
        public static Object getBean(String beanName){
            return beans.get(beanName);
        }

}

运行结果

2. 每次都创建新对象，多例的

package com.itheima.factory;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class BeanFactory {
//    定义一个Properties对象
    private static Properties props;
//    使用静态代码块为Properties对象赋值
    static {
        try {
//          实例化对象
            props = new Properties();
//          获取properties文件的流对象
            InputStream in = BeanFactory.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("bean.properties");
            props.load(in);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError("初始化properties失败！");

        }
}
//    根据bean的名称获取对象
        public static Object getBean(String beanName){
            Object bean = null;
            try{
                String beanPath = props.getProperty(beanName);
                bean = Class.forName(beanPath).newInstance();//每次都会调用默认构造函数创建对象
                
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return bean;
        }
}

运行结果

client.java

package com.itheima.ui;

import com.itheima.factory.BeanFactory;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
import com.itheima.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl;

/*
模拟一个表现层，用于调用业务层
 */
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i = 0;i < 5;i++) {
            IAccountService as = (IAccountService) BeanFactory.getBean("accountService");
            System.out.println(as);
            as.saveAccount();
        }
    }
}

IAccountService.java

package com.itheima.service;
/*
账户业务层的接口
 */
public interface IAccountService {
    //模拟保存账户
    void saveAccount();
}

AccountServiceImpl.java

package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;
import com.itheima.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl;
import com.itheima.factory.BeanFactory;
import com.itheima.service.IAccountService;
/*
账户的业务层实现类
 */
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    private IAccountDao accountDao = (IAccountDao) BeanFactory.getBean("accountDao");
    public void saveAccount() {
    	int i = 1;
        accountDao.saveAccount();
        System.out.println(i);
        i++;
    }
}

IAccountDao.java

package com.itheima.dao;
/*
账户的持久层接口
 */
public interface IAccountDao {
    void saveAccount();
}

AccountDaoImpl.java

package com.itheima.dao.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.IAccountDao;

/*
账户的持久层实现类
 */
public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {
    public void saveAccount() {
        System.out.println("保存了账户");
    }
}

参考资料
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Sb411s7vP