ContentProvider深入研究

这几天对ContentProvider进行了一点研究。 至于如何写一个自定义的ContentProvider，我就不赘述了，网上很容易找到。我想说明的是另外一个问题：

有经验的人可能在Android系统中操作过通讯录数据库或者多媒体数据库，在操作的过程中，我们都是通过ContentProvider来实现的。我们知道，如果要实现一个ContentProvider来给外部共享数据的时候，需要写一个类来继承ContentProvider，那么，是不是通讯录或者多媒体库也有自己对应的类来继承ContentProvider呢？ 我觉得肯定有，于是在源码里找啊找，最终找到了地址， 如果你的源码比较全的话，可以在下面的路径寻找：source\packages\providers\， 我们能发现，这个目录下有很多项目包，比如ContactsProvider，MediaProvider，ApplicationsProvider等等。也就是说，系统应用数据的共享，都是通过独立的应用来实现的， 为了验证这一点，可以在Android手机的如下目录寻找手机中的所有应用程序： /system/app/,其中会有ContactsProvider.apk,MediaProvider.apk等。

在此我粘一段有关ContactsProvider的核心代码和大家分享：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License
 */

package com.android.providers.contacts;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentProviderOperation;
import android.content.ContentProviderResult;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.OperationApplicationException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteTransactionListener;
import android.net.Uri;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * General purpose {@link ContentProvider} base class that uses SQLiteDatabase for storage.
 */
public abstract class SQLiteContentProvider extends ContentProvider
        implements SQLiteTransactionListener {

    private static final String TAG = "SQLiteContentProvider";

    private SQLiteOpenHelper mOpenHelper;
    private volatile boolean mNotifyChange;
    protected SQLiteDatabase mDb;

    private final ThreadLocal<Boolean> mApplyingBatch = new ThreadLocal<Boolean>();
    private static final int SLEEP_AFTER_YIELD_DELAY = 4000;

    /**
     * Maximum number of operations allowed in a batch between yield points.
     */
    private static final int MAX_OPERATIONS_PER_YIELD_POINT = 500;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        Context context = getContext();
        mOpenHelper = getDatabaseHelper(context);
        return true;
    }

    protected abstract SQLiteOpenHelper getDatabaseHelper(Context context);

    /**
     * The equivalent of the {@link #insert} method, but invoked within a transaction.
     */
    protected abstract Uri insertInTransaction(Uri uri, ContentValues values);

    /**
     * The equivalent of the {@link #update} method, but invoked within a transaction.
     */
    protected abstract int updateInTransaction(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs);

    /**
     * The equivalent of the {@link #delete} method, but invoked within a transaction.
     */
    protected abstract int deleteInTransaction(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs);

    protected abstract void notifyChange();

    protected SQLiteOpenHelper getDatabaseHelper() {
        return mOpenHelper;
    }

    private boolean applyingBatch() {
        return mApplyingBatch.get() != null && mApplyingBatch.get();
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        Uri result = null;
        boolean applyingBatch = applyingBatch();
        if (!applyingBatch) {
            mDb = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            mDb.beginTransactionWithListener(this);
            try {
                result = insertInTransaction(uri, values);
                if (result != null) {
                    mNotifyChange = true;
                }
                mDb.setTransactionSuccessful();
            } finally {
                mDb.endTransaction();
            }

            onEndTransaction();
        } else {
            result = insertInTransaction(uri, values);
            if (result != null) {
                mNotifyChange = true;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public int bulkInsert(Uri uri, ContentValues[] values) {
        int numValues = values.length;
        mDb = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        mDb.beginTransactionWithListener(this);
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < numValues; i++) {
                Uri result = insertInTransaction(uri, values[i]);
                if (result != null) {
                    mNotifyChange = true;
                }
                mDb.yieldIfContendedSafely();
            }
            mDb.setTransactionSuccessful();
        } finally {
            mDb.endTransaction();
        }

        onEndTransaction();
        return numValues;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        int count = 0;
        boolean applyingBatch = applyingBatch();
        if (!applyingBatch) {
            mDb = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            mDb.beginTransactionWithListener(this);
            try {
                count = updateInTransaction(uri, values, selection, selectionArgs);
                if (count > 0) {
                    mNotifyChange = true;
                }
                mDb.setTransactionSuccessful();
            } finally {
                mDb.endTransaction();
            }

            onEndTransaction();
        } else {
            count = updateInTransaction(uri, values, selection, selectionArgs);
            if (count > 0) {
                mNotifyChange = true;
            }
        }

        return count;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        int count = 0;
        boolean applyingBatch = applyingBatch();
        if (!applyingBatch) {
            mDb = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            mDb.beginTransactionWithListener(this);
            try {
                count = deleteInTransaction(uri, selection, selectionArgs);
                if (count > 0) {
                    mNotifyChange = true;
                }
                mDb.setTransactionSuccessful();
            } finally {
                mDb.endTransaction();
            }

            onEndTransaction();
        } else {
            count = deleteInTransaction(uri, selection, selectionArgs);
            if (count > 0) {
                mNotifyChange = true;
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    @Override
    public ContentProviderResult[] applyBatch(ArrayList<ContentProviderOperation> operations)
            throws OperationApplicationException {
        int ypCount = 0;
        int opCount = 0;
        mDb = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        mDb.beginTransactionWithListener(this);
        try {
            mApplyingBatch.set(true);
            final int numOperations = operations.size();
            final ContentProviderResult[] results = new ContentProviderResult[numOperations];
            for (int i = 0; i < numOperations; i++) {
                if (++opCount >= MAX_OPERATIONS_PER_YIELD_POINT) {
                    throw new OperationApplicationException(
                            "Too many content provider operations between yield points. "
                                    + "The maximum number of operations per yield point is "
                                    + MAX_OPERATIONS_PER_YIELD_POINT, ypCount);
                }
                final ContentProviderOperation operation = operations.get(i);
                if (i > 0 && operation.isYieldAllowed()) {
                    opCount = 0;
                    if (mDb.yieldIfContendedSafely(SLEEP_AFTER_YIELD_DELAY)) {
                        ypCount++;
                    }
                }
                results[i] = operation.apply(this, results, i);
            }
            mDb.setTransactionSuccessful();
            return results;
        } finally {
            mApplyingBatch.set(false);
            mDb.endTransaction();
            onEndTransaction();
        }
    }

    public void onBegin() {
        onBeginTransaction();
    }

    public void onCommit() {
        beforeTransactionCommit();
    }

    public void onRollback() {
        // not used
    }

    protected void onBeginTransaction() {
    }

    protected void beforeTransactionCommit() {
    }

    protected void onEndTransaction() {
        if (mNotifyChange) {
            mNotifyChange = false;
            notifyChange();
        }
    }
}

这个类，就是ContactProvider涉及到的共享数据的类，其中实现了增删改查的具体方法，并且都开启了事务。如果你想知道系统通讯录到底是在哪里操作数据库的，那么这里就是了。多媒体数据库也一样，我就不多说了。

我想补充一下我对Content Provider的最新理解： Content Provider是通过查询uri来实现增删改查的，所以每个自定义的Provider都需要定义自己独特的uri，并在Manifest里注册。调用者通过ContentResolver访问数据时，传入uri，系统会识别uri，并自动分配到特定的ContentProvider的实现类中，调用者根本不需要了解具体是哪个类实现了Content Provider，这也是面向对象的一个妙用吧。