目录
一.常量:不可以被改变的量
go语言
const age int = 18
age=19
python语言:变量名全为大写代表常量
AGE = 18
#AGE = 19
print(AGE)
二、基本数据类型
2.1 数字类型
2.1.1、整型int
定义:
age = 18
作用:记录个数、年龄、出生年、等级
2.1.2、浮点型float
定义:
x = 1.1
作用:记录价格、身高、体重、薪资
数学运算与比较运算
age = age + 1
print(age)
print(10 + 3.1)
print(10 * 3.1)
print(10 / 3.1)
print(10 > 3.1)
print(10 == 3.1)
#print(10 >= 3.1)
2.2:字符串类型str
作用:记录描述性质的状态,比如名字、性别、一段话、地址、国籍
#定义:在’’、""、""" “”"、’’’ ‘’'内部包含一串字符
#(1)所有引号的相同点:定义得到的都是str类型
(2)所有引号的不同点:
注意引号的嵌套 ,外层用双引号内层就要用单引号…
s1 = 'my name is "egon"'
print(s1)
三引号内的字符串可以写多行
msg = """
111
222
333
"""
print(msg)
(3) 补充
x = "a b" # 3个字符
x = "aa\nbb"
filepath = "C:\aaa\new.txt"
filepath = "C:\\aaa\\new.txt"
filepath = r"C:\aaa\new.txt"
print(filepath)
例1:
gender = 1
2.3:列表类型list:索引对应值,索引反映的是位置
定义:在[]内以逗号为分割符,按照从到到右的顺序一个一个地存放多个任意类型的
0 1 2 3
l=[1111,2.2222,"aaaa",[333,4444]]
print(l[0])
print(l[1])
print(l[-1][1])
作用:按照顺序记录多个值,优点是可以按照索引取指定位置的值
names = ["张三", "李四", "王五"]
print(names[1000])
infos = [
["egon",18,"male"],
['justin',35,"male"],
["tank",36,'female'],]
print(infos[1][1])
2.4:字典类型dict:
与列表的相同之处是都可以存放多个任意类型的值
与列表的不同之处是字典使用key对应值,key通常是字符串类型
定义: 在{}内以逗号为分割符,存放多个元素,每个元素都是由key:value组成
其中value可以是任意类型,而key通常是字符串类型
d = {'k1':1111,"k2":2222,"k3":33333}
print(d['k1'])
作用:按key:value记录多个值,优点是key对value有描述性的功能
info = ["egon", 18, "male"]
print(info[0])
print(info[1])
print(info[2])
info = {"name":"egon", "age":18, "gender":"male"}
print(info["name"])
print(info['age'])
print(info['gender'])
info = {
"name": "egon",
"age": 18,
"gender": "male",
"level": 10,
"sal": 13
}
names=[
"张三",
"张四",
"张五",
]
print(names[0])
infos = [
{"name": 'justin1', "age": 35, "gender": "male"},
{"name": 'justin2', "age": 35, "gender": "male"},
{"name": 'justin3', "age": 35, "gender": "male"},
]
print(infos[1]["name"])
#
2.5:布尔类型True和False
定义
tag = True
x = 10
y = 12
print(x == y )
print(x > y )
作用:记录真假两种状态
三 输入输出
3.1、接收用户输入
python3中的input会将用户输入的任何内容都存成字符串str类型
db_name="egon"
print(11111)
inp_name=input("请输入您的用户名:") # "123"
print(inp_name,type(inp_name))
print(inp_name == db_name )
inp_age = input("请输入您的年龄:") # inp_age ="18"
inp_age = int(inp_age) # 纯数字的字符串转成int
print(type(inp_age))
print(inp_age + 1)
2、输出print
```python
print("my name is %s my age is %s" % ("egon1111","18"))
print("my name is %s my age is %d" % ("egon1111",18))
print("my name is %s my age is %s" % ("egon1111",[1,2,3,]))
print("1111",end=':')
print("2222",end=':')
练习
name = input("your name: ")
age = input("your age: ")
job = input("your job: ")
hobby = input("your hobby: ")
msg = """
------------ info of %s -----------
Name : %s
Age : %s
Sex : %s
Job : %s
------------- end -----------------
""" % (name,name, age, job, hobby)
print(msg)
四.基本运算符
4.1、算数运算符
了解(**)
x="aaa"
y="bbb"
print(x + y)
print([1,2,3] + [4,5,])
x="aaa"*3
print(x)
print([1,2,3]*3)
print(10 / 3)
print(10 // 3) # 地板除,取整数部分
print(10 % 3) # 取余数部分
4.2、比较运算符
print(10 == 10)
print(10 != 3)
print(10 > 3)
print(10 < 3)
print(10 >= 10)
print(10 <= 10)
了解(**)
s1="abcdef"
s2="abz"
print(s2 > s1)
l1 = [1, 'abc', 3.1]
l2 = [1, 2222, 3.1]
l2 = [1, "z", 3.1]
print(l1 > l2)