SQL

30条经典的SQL语句一

关于索引，推荐转载的这篇文章
http://blog.csdn.net/dutguoyi/archive/2006/01/10/575617.aspx

改善SQL语句的效率
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/5087/5087396.xml?temp=.345669
数据量很大怎样加快索检速度
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/5058/5058320.xml?temp=.1229517
索引建立方法的区别
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/5068/5068154.xml?temp=.3010218
频繁插入删除数据需要更新索引
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/4937/4937910.xml?temp=.8428614
测试了一下sql server 2005 全文检索
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/4878/4878430.xml?temp=.6049311

其他关于效率的高频问题

判断一个表的数据不在另一个表中最优秀方法？
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/5038/5038742.xml?temp=.4704553
删除千万级表中重复记录的办法
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/5089/5089261.xml?temp=.7907068

数据库数据查询变得不正常类型问题

大数据量，稳定运行一段时候以后无法得到查询结果。
http://community.csdn.net/Expert/topic/4810/4810464.xml?temp=9.014529E-02

返回表的字段名称

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('jobs')

select * into b
from a where 1<>1

--刚看到的.新建一个与a表一样的空的b表
select * into b
from a where 1<>1

--刚看到的.新建一个与a表一样的空的b表

精点,经典,
一些不错的sql语句，自己根据需要收藏吧，分给多点哦:)
1、说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b) (Access可用)
法一：select * into b from a where 1<>1
法二：select top 0 * into b from a

2、说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

3、说明：跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子：..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..

4、说明：子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

5、说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

6、说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

7、说明：在线视图查询(表名1：a )
select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

8、说明：between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

9、说明：in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)

10、说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

11、说明：四表联查问题：
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

12、说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

13、说明：一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

14、说明：前10条记录
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

15、说明：选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

16、说明：包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

17、说明：随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

18、说明：随机选择记录
select newid()

19、说明：删除重复记录
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

20、说明：列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type='U'

21、说明：列出表里的所有的
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')

22、说明：列示type、vender、pcs字段，以type字段排列，case可以方便地实现多重选择，类似select 中的case。
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
显示结果：
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3

23、说明：初始化表table1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1

24、说明：选择从10到15的记录
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc
--如何将exec执行结果放入变量中？

declare @num int,
@sqls nvarchar(4000)
set @sqls='select @a=count(*) from tableName '
exec sp_executesql @sqls,N'@a int output',@num output
select @num

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

动态sql语句基本语法
1 :普通SQL语句可以用Exec执行

eg: Select * from tableName
Exec('select * from tableName')
Exec sp_executesql N'select * from tableName' -- 请注意字符串前一定要加N

2:字段名，表名，数据库名之类作为变量时，必须用动态SQL

eg:
declare @fname varchar(20)
set @fname = 'FiledName'
Select @fname from tableName -- 错误,不会提示错误，但结果为固定值FiledName,并非所要。
Exec('select ' + @fname + ' from tableName') -- 请注意 加号前后的 单引号的边上加空格

当然将字符串改成变量的形式也可
declare @fname varchar(20)
set @fname = 'FiledName' --设置字段名

declare @s varchar(1000)
set @s = 'select ' + @fname + ' from tableName'
Exec(@s) -- 成功
exec sp_executesql @s -- 此句会报错

declare @s Nvarchar(1000) -- 注意此处改为nvarchar(1000)
set @s = 'select ' + @fname + ' from tableName'
Exec(@s) -- 成功
exec sp_executesql @s -- 此句正确

3. 输出参数
declare @num int,
@sqls nvarchar(4000)
set @sqls='select count(*) from tableName'
exec(@sqls)
--如何将exec执行结果放入变量中？

declare @num int,
@sqls nvarchar(4000)
set @sqls='select @a=count(*) from tableName '
exec sp_executesql @sqls,N'@a int output',@num output
select @num

一些不错的sql语句
1、说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b) (Access可用)
法一：select * into b from a where 1<>1
法二：select top 0 * into b from a

2、说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

3、说明：跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子：..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..

4、说明：子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

5、说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

6、说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

7、说明：在线视图查询(表名1：a )
select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

8、说明：between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

9、说明：in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)

10、说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

11、说明：四表联查问题：
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

12、说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

13、说明：一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

14、说明：前10条记录
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

15、说明：选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

16、说明：包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

17、说明：随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

18、说明：随机选择记录
select newid()

19、说明：删除重复记录
Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

20、说明：列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type='U'

delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
select * from sysobjects where xtype='tr' --返回库中触发器
select * from sysobjects where xtype='U'   --返回库中用户表
dinoLgrace(淡泊以明志，宁静而致远)
24、说明：选择从10到15的记录
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

好聪明的语句

在CSDN上學到了一些
1.日期算當月天數:
    select Day(dateadd(day,-1,convert(datetime,convert(char(07),dateadd(m,1,getdate()),120)+'-01')))
    select 32-Day(getdate()+(32-Day(getdate())))

2.簡單的分割字串:
    用' union all select 'replace'分割符'

3....
  
Order By可以指定列序而不用指定列名,在下面的例子里说明它的用处(注意,第三列未指定别名)
Select a.ID,a.Name,(Select Count(*) From TableB b Where a.ID=b.PID) From TableA a Order By 3

--修改用户数据库的排序规则
ater database dbname collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS

--修改字段的排序规则
alter table a alter column c2 varchar(50) collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS

--按姓氏笔画排序
select * from 表名 order by 列名 Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as

--按拼音首字母排序
select * from 表名 order by 列名 Collate Chinese_PRC_CS_AS_KS_WS

--查找一个Server下含有某个表名的数据库名字
EXEC sp_msforeachdb '
USE [?]
IF OBJECT_ID(N''表名'') IS NOT NULL
PRINT N''?'''

--查询所有表名、字段名及字段描述
select
     表名=object_name(id),
     列名=col_name(object_id(object_name(id)),smallid),
     描述=value
from   sysproperties

--查询所有表的记录数明细
--方法(1)
select  
     a.name,b.rows  
from  
     sysobjects a, sysindexes b
where  
     a.name=b.name and   a.type='u'
--方法(2)
sp_msforeachtable 'select ''?'' as ''表名'',(select sum(1) from ?) as ''记录数'''

--复制表(表结构)
--方法(1)
select * into Employee_bak from Employee where 1<>1
--方法(2)
select top 0 * into Employee_bak from Employee
--方法(3)
--企业管理器中的右键表-->复制,然后在查询分析器中粘贴查看SQL语句

--判断两字符是否完全(区分大小写)相等(如何判断字符的大小写)
declare   @v   nvarchar(10)  
declare   @p   nvarchar(10)  
set   @v='NIPSAN'  
if   cast(@v as   varbinary)= cast(@p as varbinary)  
     print N'相等'  
else    
     print N'不等'  

--得到数据库中所有表的空间/记录情况
exec sp_MSForEachTable
@precommand=N'
create table ##(
id int identity,
表名 sysname,
字段数 int,
记录数 int,
保留空间 Nvarchar(10),
使用空间 varchar(10),
索引使用空间 varchar(10),
未用空间 varchar(10))',
@command1=N'insert ##(表名,记录数,保留空间,使用空间,索引使用空间,未用空间) exec sp_spaceused ''?''

update ## set 字段数=(select count(*) from syscolumns where id=object_id(''?''))
where id=scope_identity()', @postcommand=N'select * from ## order by id drop table ##'

--查看硬盘分区:
EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives

--Order By的一个小技巧
/*
Order By可以指定列序而不用指定列名,在下面的例子里说明它的用处(注意,第三列未指定别名)
Select a.ID,a.Name,(Select Count(*) From TableB b Where a.ID=b.PID) From TableA a Order By 3
*/
表结构新

SELECT
表名=case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end,
表说明=case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end,
字段序号=a.colorder,
字段名=a.name,
标识=case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end,
主键=case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in(
SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid
))) then '√' else '' end,
类型=b.name,
占用字节数=a.length,
长度=COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),
小数位数=isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),
允许空=case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end,
默认值=isnull(e.text,''),
字段说明=isnull(g.[value],''),
索引名称=isnull(h.索引名称,''),
索引顺序=isnull(h.排序,'')
FROM syscolumns a
left join systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype
inner join sysobjects d on a.id=d.id   and d.xtype='U' and d.status>=0
left join syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id
left join sysproperties g on a.id=g.id and a.colid=g.smallid  
left join sysproperties f on d.id=f.id and f.smallid=0
left join(--这部分是索引信息,如果要显示索引与表及字段的对应关系,可以只要此部分
select 索引名称=a.name,c.id,d.colid
,排序=case indexkey_property(c.id,b.indid,b.keyno,'isdescending')
when 1 then '降序' when 0 then '升序' end
from sysindexes a
join sysindexkeys b on a.id=b.id and a.indid=b.indid
join (--这里的作用是有多个索引时,取索引号最小的那个
select id,colid,indid=min(indid) from sysindexkeys
group by id,colid) b1 on b.id=b1.id and b.colid=b1.colid and b.indid=b1.indid
join sysobjects c on b.id=c.id and c.xtype='U' and c.status>=0
join syscolumns d on b.id=d.id and b.colid=d.colid
where a.indid not in(0,255)
) h on a.id=h.id and a.colid=h.colid
--where d.name='要查询的表'     --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
order by a.id,a.colorder

--索引信息

--索引信息
select 索引名称=case when b.keyno=1 then a.name else '' end
,表名=case when b.keyno=1 then c.name else '' end
,列名=d.name
,排序=case indexkey_property(c.id,b.indid,b.keyno,'isdescending')
when 1 then '降序' when 0 then '升序' end
,聚集=INDEXPROPERTY(c.id,a.name,'IsClustered')
,唯一=case INDEXPROPERTY(c.id,a.name,'IsUnique')
when 0 then '非唯一'
when 1 then case when e.id is null then '唯一索引' else '唯一约束' end
end
,e.name
,填充因子=a.OrigFillFactor
from sysindexes a
join sysindexkeys b on a.id=b.id and a.indid=b.indid
--join (--这里的作用是有多个索引时,取索引号最小的那个
--select id,colid,indid=min(indid) from sysindexkeys
--group by id,colid) b1 on b.id=b1.id and b.colid=b1.colid and b.indid=b1.indid
join sysobjects c on b.id=c.id and c.xtype='U' and c.status>=0
join syscolumns d on b.id=d.id and b.colid=d.colid
left join sysobjects e on b.indid=e.id and e.xtype='UQ'
where a.indid not in(0,255)
order by c.name,a.name

找出表中某一列相同的数据行
select *from table where (column in(select column from table group ny column having count(*)>1)

找出表中某一列相同的数据行
select *from table where (column in(select column from table group by column having count(*)>1)

刚才BY写错拉!
--1、查找员工的编号、姓名、部门和出生日期，如果出生日期为空值，
--显示日期不详,并按部门排序输出,日期格式为yyyy-mm-dd。
select emp_no ,emp_name ,dept ,
        isnull(convert(char(10),birthday,120),'日期不详') birthday
from employee
order by dept

--2、查找与喻自强在同一个单位的员工姓名、性别、部门和职称
select emp_no,emp_name,dept,title
from employee
where emp_name<>'喻自强' and dept in
    (select dept from employee
     where emp_name='喻自强')

--3、按部门进行汇总，统计每个部门的总工资
select dept,sum(salary)
from employee
group by dept

--4、查找商品名称为14寸显示器商品的销售情况，
--显示该商品的编号、销售数量、单价和金额
select a.prod_id,qty,unit_price,unit_price*qty totprice
from sale_item a,product b
where a.prod_id=b.prod_id and prod_name='14寸显示器'

--5、在销售明细表中按产品编号进行汇总，统计每种产品的销售数量和金额
select prod_id,sum(qty) totqty,sum(qty*unit_price) totprice
from sale_item
group by prod_id

--6、使用convert函数按客户编号统计每个客户1996年的订单总金额
select cust_id,sum(tot_amt) totprice
from sales
where convert(char(4),order_date,120)='1996'
group by cust_id

--7、查找有销售记录的客户编号、名称和订单总额
select a.cust_id,cust_name,sum(tot_amt) totprice
from customer a,sales b
where a.cust_id=b.cust_id
group by a.cust_id,cust_name

--8、查找在1997年中有销售记录的客户编号、名称和订单总额
select a.cust_id,cust_name,sum(tot_amt) totprice
from customer a,sales b
where a.cust_id=b.cust_id and convert(char(4),order_date,120)='1997'
group by a.cust_id,cust_name

--9、查找一次销售最大的销售记录
select order_no,cust_id,sale_id,tot_amt
from sales
where tot_amt=
    (select max(tot_amt)
     from sales)

--10、查找至少有3次销售的业务员名单和销售日期
select emp_name,order_date
from employee a,sales b
where emp_no=sale_id and a.emp_no in
   (select sale_id
    from sales
    group by sale_id
    having count(*)>=3)
order by emp_name

--11、用存在量词查找没有订货记录的客户名称
select cust_name
from customer a
where not exists
    (select *
     from sales b
     where a.cust_id=b.cust_id)

--12、使用左外连接查找每个客户的客户编号、名称、订货日期、订单金额
--订货日期不要显示时间，日期格式为yyyy-mm-dd
--按客户编号排序，同一客户再按订单降序排序输出
select a.cust_id,cust_name,convert(char(10),order_date,120),tot_amt
from customer a left outer join sales b on a.cust_id=b.cust_id
order by a.cust_id,tot_amt desc

--13、查找16M DRAM的销售情况，要求显示相应的销售员的姓名、
--性别，销售日期、销售数量和金额，其中性别用男、女表示
select emp_name 姓名, 性别= case a.sex   when 'm' then '男'
                                        when 'f' then '女'
                                        else '未'
                                        end,
         销售日期= isnull(convert(char(10),c.order_date,120),'日期不详'),
         qty 数量, qty*unit_price as 金额
from employee a, sales b, sale_item c,product d
where d.prod_name='16M DRAM' and d.pro_id=c.prod_id and
       a.emp_no=b.sale_id and b.order_no=c.order_no

--14、查找每个人的销售记录，要求显示销售员的编号、姓名、性别、
--产品名称、数量、单价、金额和销售日期
select emp_no 编号,emp_name 姓名, 性别= case a.sex when 'm' then '男'
                                        when 'f' then '女'
                                        else '未'
                                        end,
       prod_name 产品名称,销售日期= isnull(convert(char(10),c.order_date,120),'日期不详'),
       qty 数量, qty*unit_price as 金额
from employee a left outer join sales b on a.emp_no=b.sale_id , sale_item c,product d
where d.pro_id=c.prod_id and b.order_no=c.order_no

--15、查找销售金额最大的客户名称和总货款
select cust_name,d.cust_sum
from    customer a,
        (select cust_id,cust_sum
         from (select cust_id, sum(tot_amt) as cust_sum
               from sales
               group by cust_id ) b
         where b.cust_sum =
                ( select max(cust_sum)
                  from (select cust_id, sum(tot_amt) as cust_sum
                        from sales
                        group by cust_id ) c )
         ) d
where a.cust_id=d.cust_id

--16、查找销售总额少于1000元的销售员编号、姓名和销售额
select emp_no,emp_name,d.sale_sum
from    employee a,
        (select sale_id,sale_sum
         from (select sale_id, sum(tot_amt) as sale_sum
               from sales
               group by sale_id ) b
         where b.sale_sum <1000               
         ) d
where a.emp_no=d.sale_id

--17、查找至少销售了3种商品的客户编号、客户名称、商品编号、商品名称、数量和金额
select a.cust_id,cust_name,b.prod_id,prod_name,d.qty,d.qty*d.unit_price
from customer a, product b, sales c, sale_item d
where a.cust_id=c.cust_id and d.prod_id=b.prod_id and
       c.order_no=d.order_no and a.cust_id in (
       select cust_id
       from   (select cust_id,count(distinct prod_id) prodid
              from (select cust_id,prod_id
                    from sales e,sale_item f
                    where e.order_no=f.order_no) g
              group by cust_id
              having count(distinct prod_id)>=3) h )

--18、查找至少与世界技术开发公司销售相同的客户编号、名称和商品编号、商品名称、数量和金额
select a.cust_id,cust_name,d.prod_id,prod_name,qty,qty*unit_price
from customer a, product b, sales c, sale_item d
where a.cust_id=c.cust_id and d.prod_id=b.prod_id and
       c.order_no=d.order_no   and not exists
   (select f.*
    from customer x ,sales e, sale_item f
    where cust_name='世界技术开发公司' and x.cust_id=e.cust_id and
          e.order_no=f.order_no and not exists
            ( select g.*
              from sale_item g, sales   h
              where g.prod_id = f.prod_id and g.order_no=h.order_no and
                    h.cust_id=a.cust_id)
     )
   
19、查找表中所有姓刘的职工的工号，部门，薪水
select emp_no,emp_name,dept,salary
from employee
where emp_name like '刘%'

20、查找所有定单金额高于20000的所有客户编号
select cust_id
from sales
where tot_amt>20000

21、统计表中员工的薪水在40000-60000之间的人数
select count(*)as 人数
from employee
where salary between 40000 and 60000

22、查询表中的同一部门的职工的平均工资，但只查询＂住址＂是＂上海市＂的员工
select avg(salary) avg_sal,dept
from employee
where addr like '上海市%'
group by dept

23、将表中住址为"上海市"的员工住址改为"北京市"
update employee  
set addr like '北京市'
where addr like '上海市'

24、查找业务部或会计部的女员工的基本信息。
select emp_no,emp_name,dept
from employee
where sex='F'and dept in ('业务','会计')

25、显示每种产品的销售金额总和，并依销售金额由大到小输出。
select prod_id ,sum(qty*unit_price)
from sale_item
group by prod_id
order by sum(qty*unit_price) desc
26、选取编号界于‘C0001’和‘C0004’的客户编号、客户名称、客户地址。
select CUST_ID,cust_name,addr
from customer
where cust_id between 'C0001' AND 'C0004'

27、计算出一共销售了几种产品。
select count(distinct prod_id) as '共销售产品数'
from sale_item

28、将业务部员工的薪水上调3%。
update employee
set salary=salary*1.03
where dept='业务'
    
29、由employee表中查找出薪水最低的员工信息。
select *
from employee
where salary=
        (select min(salary )
         from employee )

30、使用join查询客户姓名为"客户丙"所购货物的"客户名称","定单金额","定货日期","电话号码"
select a.cust_id,b.tot_amt,b.order_date,a.tel_no
from customer a join sales b
on a.cust_id=b.cust_id and cust_name like '客户丙'

31、由sales表中查找出订单金额大于“E0013业务员在1996/10/15这天所接每一张订单的金额”的所有订单。
select *
from sales
where tot_amt>all
        (select tot_amt
         from sales
         where sale_id='E0013'and order_date='1996/10/15')
order by tot_amt

32、计算'P0001'产品的平均销售单价
select avg(unit_price)
from sale_item
where prod_id='P0001'

33、找出公司女员工所接的定单
select sale_id,tot_amt
from sales
where sale_id in
(select sale_id from employee
where sex='F')

34、找出同一天进入公司服务的员工
select a.emp_no,a.emp_name,a.date_hired
from employee a
join employee b
on (a.emp_no!=b.emp_no and a.date_hired=b.date_hired)
order by a.date_hired

35、找出目前业绩超过232000元的员工编号和姓名。
select emp_no,emp_name
from employee
where emp_no in
(select sale_id
from sales
group by sale_id
having sum(tot_amt)<232000)

=============================================================================================

Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表 Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表 SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表 Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表 问题： 1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号；   select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#='001') a,(select s#,score   from SC where C#='002') b   where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#; 2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；     select S#,avg(score)     from sc     group by S# having avg(score) >60; 3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩；   select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score)   from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S#   group by Student.S#,Sname 4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数；   select count(distinct(Tname))   from Teacher   where Tname like '李%'; 5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；     select Student.S#,Student.Sname     from Student      where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where  SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平'); 6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名；   select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001'and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#='002'); 7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名；   select S#,Sname   from Student   where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher  where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname='叶平')); 8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名；   Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#='002') score2   from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#='001') S_2 where score2 <score; 9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名；   select S#,Sname   from Student   where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60); 10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；     select Student.S#,Student.Sname     from Student,SC     where Student.S#=SC.S# group by  Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course);

11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；
    select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#='1001';
12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名；
    select distinct SC.S#,Sname
    from Student,SC
    where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#='001');
13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩；
    update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score)
    from SC SC_2
    where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平');
14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名；
    select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#='1002')
    group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#='1002');
15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录；
    Delect SC
    from course ,Teacher 
    where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='叶平';
16、向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、2、
    号课的平均成绩；
    Insert SC select S#,'002',(Select avg(score)
    from SC where C#='002') from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#='002');
17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示： 学生ID,,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分
    SELECT S# as 学生ID
        ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='004') AS 数据库
        ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='001') AS 企业管理
        ,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='006') AS 英语
        ,COUNT(*) AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩
    FROM SC AS t
    GROUP BY S#
    ORDER BY avg(t.score) 
18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分
    SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分
    FROM SC L ,SC AS R
    WHERE L.C# = R.C# and
        L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)
                      FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM
                      WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S#
                      GROUP BY IL.C#)
        AND
        R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score)
                      FROM SC AS IR
                      WHERE R.C# = IR.C#
                  GROUP BY IR.C#
                    );
19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序
    SELECT t.C# AS 课程号,max(course.Cname)AS 课程名,isnull(AVG(score),0) AS 平均成绩
        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN  isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) AS 及格百分数
    FROM SC T,Course
    where t.C#=course.C#
    GROUP BY t.C#
    ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN  isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) DESC
20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用"1行"显示): 企业管理（001），马克思（002），OO&UML （003），数据库（004）
    SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# ='001' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理平均分
        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理及格百分数
        ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思平均分
        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思及格百分数
        ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分
        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分数
        ,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库平均分
        ,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库及格百分数
  FROM SC
21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
  SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ＩＤ,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩
    FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z
    where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T#
  GROUP BY C.C#
  ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC
22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单：企业管理（001），马克思（002），UML （003），数据库（004）
    [学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩
    SELECT  DISTINCT top 3
      SC.S# As 学生学号,
        Student.Sname AS 学生姓名 ,
      T1.score AS 企业管理,
      T2.score AS 马克思,
      T3.score AS UML,
      T4.score AS 数据库,
      ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分
      FROM Student,SC  LEFT JOIN SC AS T1
                      ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = '001'
            LEFT JOIN SC AS T2
                      ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = '002'
            LEFT JOIN SC AS T3
                      ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = '003'
            LEFT JOIN SC AS T4
                      ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = '004'
      WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and
      ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
      NOT IN
      (SELECT
            DISTINCT
            TOP 15 WITH TIES
            ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
      FROM sc
            LEFT JOIN sc AS T1
                      ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = 'k1'
            LEFT JOIN sc AS T2
                      ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = 'k2'
            LEFT JOIN sc AS T3
                      ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = 'k3'
            LEFT JOIN sc AS T4
                      ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = 'k4'
      ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC);

23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]
    SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname as 课程名称
        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85]
        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70]
        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60]
        ,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -]
    FROM SC,Course
    where SC.C#=Course.C#
    GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname;

24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
      SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩)
              FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩
                      FROM SC
                  GROUP BY S#
                  ) AS T1
            WHERE 平均成绩 > T2.平均成绩) as 名次,
      S# as 学生学号,平均成绩
    FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩
            FROM SC
        GROUP BY S#
        ) AS T2
    ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;
 
25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)
      SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
      FROM SC t1
      WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score
              FROM SC
              WHERE t1.C#= C#
            ORDER BY score DESC
              )
      ORDER BY t1.C#;
26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
  select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#;
27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
  select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数
  from SC ,Student
  where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1;
28、查询男生、女生人数
    Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='男';
    Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='女'；
29、查询姓“张”的学生名单
    SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like '张%';
30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数
  select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having  count(*)>1;;
31、1981年出生的学生名单(注：Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime)
    select Sname,  CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age
    from student
    where  CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))='1981';
32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列
    Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC ;
33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
    select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score)
    from Student,SC
    where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having    avg(score)>85;
34、查询课程名称为“数据库”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
    Select Sname,isnull(score,0)
    from Student,SC,Course
    where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and  Course.Cname='数据库'and score <60;
35、查询所有学生的选课情况；
    SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname
    FROM SC,Student,Course
    where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ;
36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数；
    SELECT  distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score
    FROM student,Sc
    WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#;
37、查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小排列
    select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ;
38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名；
    select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#='003';
39、求选了课程的学生人数
    select count(*) from sc;
40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
    select Student.Sname,score
    from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher
    where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='叶平' and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# );
41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数
    select count(*) from sc group by C#;
42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩
  select distinct  A.S#,B.score from SC A  ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C# ;
43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
    SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
      FROM SC t1
      WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score
              FROM SC
              WHERE t1.C#= C#
            ORDER BY score DESC
              )
      ORDER BY t1.C#;
44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过10人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列 
    select  C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数
    from  sc 
    group  by  C#
    order  by  count(*) desc,c# 
45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
    select  S# 
    from  sc 
    group  by  s#
    having  count(*)  >  =  2
46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名
    select  C#,Cname 
    from  Course 
    where  C#  in  (select  c#  from  sc group  by  c#) 
47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
    select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname='叶平');
48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
    select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#;
49、检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号
    select S# from SC where C#='004'and score <60 order by score desc;
50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩
delete from Sc where S#='001'and C#='001';