Python脚本语言 - 基础篇（二）#流程控制与函数

流程控制语句：

# Fibonaacci series: # the sum of two elements defines the next a,b = 0,1 while b<100:     print(b,)     a,b=b,a+b	# range() 函数     print(range(10)) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] range(0, 10, 3) #[0, 3, 6, 9] a = ['北京', '上海', '深圳', '天津', '南京', '苏州'] for i in range(len(a)): print(i, a[i])
# if语句 x = int(input("Please enter an integer:")) if x < 0:     x = 0     print("Negative changed to zero") elif x==0:     print('Zero') elif x==1:     print('Single') else:     print('More') #pytohn循环体是缩进的： 缩进是python组织语句的方法。 不提供集成的行编辑功能，所以要为每一个缩进提供Tab/空格。	# break, continue, break语句 import re def searchtext():     print('''Search the text in str''')     try:         line = '_testcodes'         mstchobj = re.search(r'.*test.*', line)         print(mstchobj.group())     except:         print('not found')     else:         print('found success!')     finally:         print('Done')
# for 语句 words = ['defenestrate', 'cat', 'window'] for w in words[:]:     if len(w) > 6:         words.insert(0,w) print(words)	#continue for i in range(2, 10):     if i%2 == 0:         print('found an even number', i)     else:          print('found a number', i)          for i in range(2, 10):     if i%2 == 0:         print('found an even number', i)         continue     print('found a number', i)
#pass class MyEmptyClass:     pass def initlog(*args):     pass

函数体：

#定义函数：def def fib(n):     """Print a fibonacci series up to n."""     a,b = 0,1     while a<n:         print(a)         a,b = b,a+b fib(10) def fib2(n):     """Return a list containing the Fibonacci series up to n."""     result = []     a,b = 0,1     while a < n:         result.append(a)         a,b = b,a+b     return result f100 = fib2(100) print(f100)

#默认值只被赋值一次。。 #eg下面的函数在后续调用过程中会累积（前面）传给它的参数： def f(a, L = []):     L.append(a)     return L #print(f(3)) #若不想在随后的调用中共享默认值，可以这样写： def f1(a, L = None):     if L is None:         L = []     L.append(a)     return L print(f1(1)) print(f1(2)) print(f1(3))

参数：

#关键字参数 def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action = 'voom', type) def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action = 'voom', type= 'Norwegian Blue'):     print("--This parrot wouldn't", action,)     print("if you put", voltage, "volts through it.")     print("--Lovely plumage, the", type)     print("--It's", state, "!")	#接受一个必选参数以及三个可选参数 parrot(100) parrot(100, "a smart worker")
def cheeseshop(kind, *arguments, **keywords):     print("--Do you have any", kind, "?")     print("--I'm sorry, we're all out of", kind)     for arg in arguments:         print(arg)     print("-" * 40)     keys = sorted(keywords.keys())     for kw in keys:         print(kw, ":", keywords[kw]) cheeseshop("Limburger", "It's very runny, sir.", "It's really very, VERY runny, sir.", shopkeeper = 'Michael Palin', Client = 'John Cleese', sketch = 'Cheese Shop Sketch')	#引入一个形如**name的参数时，它接收一个字典，组合使用形如*name的形式参数，它接收一个元组，包含了所有没有出现在形式参数列表中的参数值。*name必须在**name之前出现
# 可变参数列表\ def write_multiple_items(file, separator, *args):     file.write(separator.join(args)) with open("result.txt", 'w') as file:     write_multiple_items(file, "operate", "test", "performance")
#参数列表的分拆     list(range(3, 6))     print(list(range(3, 6))) # normal call with separate arguments args = [3, 6] print(list(range(*args))) # call with arguments unpacked from a list
#用**操作符分拆关键字参数为字典 def parrot1(voltage, state='a stiff', action = 'voom'):     print("--This parrot wouldn't", action,)     print("if you put", voltage, "volts through it.")     print("--It's", state, "!") d = {"voltage":"four million", "state":"bleedin'demised", "action":"VOOM"} parrot1(**d)
#Lambda形式 #使用lambda表达式返回一个函数 def mi(n):     return lambda x: x+n f = mi(30) print(f(3)) print(f(5))
#将一个小函数作为参数传递 pairs = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three'), (4, 'four')] pairs.sort(key = lambda pair: pair[0]) print(pairs)
#文档字符串 """ this is.... only to document"""