Socket网络编程 1-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yisuoyanyv/article/details/93374355

Socket网络编程

什么是网络编程

网络，计算机网络的构成？

在计算机领域中，网络是信息传输、接收、共享的虚拟平台。
局域网、互联网

什么是网络编程？

对信息的发送和接收。通过操作相关Api调度计算机硬件资源，并利用传输管道（网线）进行数据交换的过程。

网络模型、套接字、数据包

7层网络模型-OSI

Sending Computer		Reveiving Computer
Application		Application
Presentation		Presentation
Session		Session
Transport		Transport
Network		Network
Data Link		Data Link
Physical	Data Transfter->	Physical

基础层：物理层（Physical),数据链路层(Datalink)、网络层（Network)
传输层(Transport):TCP-UDP 协议层、Socket
高级层：会话层（Session）,表示层(Presentation),应用层（Application)

Telnet	FTP	SMTP	DNS	RIP	SNMP
TCP			UDP
ARP IP IGMP ICMP
Ethernet \| Token Ring \|Frame Relay \|ATM

Socket 与 TCP、UDP

What is Socket?

简单来说就是IP地址与端口的结合协议（RFC 793）
一种地址与端口的结合描述协议
TCP/IP 协议的相关API的总称，是网络API的集合实现
涵盖了：Stream Socket/Datagram Socket

Socket 的作用与组成

在网络传输中用于唯一标示两个端点之间的链接
端点：包括（IP + Port）

Socket 之TCP

TCP是面向连接的通信协议
通过三次握手建立连接，通讯完成时要拆除连接
由于TCP是面向连接的，所以只能用于端到端的通讯

Socket 之UDP

UDP是面向无连接的通讯协议
UDP数据包括目的端口号和源端口号信息
由于通讯不需要连接，所以可以实现广播发送，并不局限于端到端

TCP传输

-----TCP Data ---->
<----TCP ACK ----

UDP 传输

----UDP Data----->

Client-Server Application

TCP/IP协议中，两个进程间通信的主要模式为：CS模型
主要目的：协同网络中的计算机资源，服务模式，进程间数据共享

Socket TCP 小试牛刀

构建TCP客户端、服务端
客户端发送数据
服务器读取数据并打印

首先启动服务端： java Server
然后启动客户端： java Client

Server

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Server {
    public Server() {
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(2000);
        System.out.println("服务器准备就绪～");
        System.out.println("服务端信息：" + server.getInetAddress() + "P:" + server.getLocalPort());

        while(true) {
            Socket client = server.accept();
            Server.ClientHandler clientHandler = new Server.ClientHandler(client);
            clientHandler.start();
        }
    }

    private static class ClientHandler extends Thread {
        private Socket socket;
        private boolean flag = true;

        ClientHandler(Socket socket) {
            this.socket = socket;
        }

        public void run() {
            super.run();
            System.out.println("新客户端连接：" + this.socket.getInetAddress() + "P:" + this.socket.getPort());

            try {
                PrintStream socketOutput = new PrintStream(this.socket.getOutputStream());
                BufferedReader socketinput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.socket.getInputStream()));

                do {
                    String str = socketinput.readLine();
                    if ("bye".equalsIgnoreCase(str)) {
                        this.flag = false;
                        socketOutput.println("bye");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println(str);
                        socketOutput.println("回送:" + str.length());
                    }
                } while(this.flag);

                socketinput.close();
                socketOutput.close();
            } catch (Exception var12) {
                System.out.println("连接异常断开");
            } finally {
                try {
                    this.socket.close();
                } catch (IOException var11) {
                    var11.printStackTrace();
                }

            }

            System.out.println("客户端已退出：" + this.socket.getInetAddress() + "P:" + this.socket.getPort());
        }
    }
}

Client

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Client {
    public Client() {
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket();
        socket.setSoTimeout(3000);
        socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(Inet4Address.getLocalHost(), 2000), 3000);
        System.out.println("已发起服务器连接，进入后续流程～");
        System.out.println("客户端信息：" + socket.getLocalAddress() + "P:" + socket.getLocalPort());
        System.out.println("服务端信息：" + socket.getInetAddress() + "P:" + socket.getPort());

        try {
            todo(socket);
        } catch (Exception var3) {
            System.out.println("异常关闭");
        }

        socket.close();
        System.out.println("客户端已退出～");
    }

    private static void todo(Socket client) throws IOException {
        InputStream in = System.in;
        BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
        OutputStream outputStream = client.getOutputStream();
        PrintStream socketPrintStream = new PrintStream(outputStream);
        InputStream inputStream = client.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader socketBufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
        boolean flag = true;

        do {
            String str = input.readLine();
            socketPrintStream.println(str);
            String echo = socketBufferedReader.readLine();
            if ("bye".equalsIgnoreCase(echo)) {
                flag = false;
            } else {
                System.out.println(echo);
            }
        } while(flag);

        socketPrintStream.close();
        socketBufferedReader.close();
    }
}