shll 语句

一、for语句

1.for语句格式
for i in {1..10} | seq 1 3 10 （步距为3，即每个3执行命令）
do
echo $i
sleep 1 ##执行命令后休眠时间为1s

[root@localhost mnt]# vim test.sh
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for i in `seq 1 3 10`
  3 do
  4         echo $i
  5         sleep 1
  6 done          

1-10 步距为3

2.编写脚本check_host检查1-10的主机是否可达
[root@localhost mnt]# cat check_host.sh
!/bin/bash
for IP in {1..10}
do
ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP &> /dev/null && echo 172.25.254.$IP is up
done

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for IP in {1..10}
  3 do
  4 ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP &>/dev/null && echo 172.25.254.$IP is up
  5 done     
  [root@localhost mnt]# sh test.sh 
172.25.254.2 is up

3.编写脚本create_user自动建立userfile的用户
[root@localhost mnt]# cat create_user.sh

!/bin/bash

for i in cat $1
do
useradd $i
done

4.编写脚本将/mnt/userfile与/mnt/passwdfile一一对应，建立
1 #!/bin/bash
2 n=awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' /mnt/userfile
3 for Num in seq 1 "$n"
4 do
5 User_name=sed -n ""$Num"p" /mnt/userfile
6 Passwd=sed -n ""$Num"p" /mnt/passwdfile
7 useradd $User_name 8 echo$Passwd | passwd --stdin $User_name
9 done
编写10s 倒计时
[root@localhost mnt]# vim time_test.sh

  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for Time in {10..1}
  3 do
  4 echo -n "after $Time's is end"
  5 echo -ne "\r    \r"
  6 sleep 1
  7 done
[root@localhost mnt]# sh time_test.sh 
after 8's is endd

[root@localhost mnt]# vim user_test.sh
1 #!/bin/bash
2 n=awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $1
3 for Num in seq 1 $n
4 do
5 User_name=sed -n ${Num}p $1
6 Passwd=sed -n ${Num}p $2
7 useradd $User_name 8 echo$Passwd | passwd --stdin $User_name
9 done
[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_test.sh file1 file2
[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_test.sh file1 file2
Changing password for user user1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user user2.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user user3.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

二、while语句

 1.编写脚本Use.sh，当根分区内存使用量超过80%时，每隔10s生成警告日志
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 #Use_Memory=`df | awk -F " " '/\/$/{print $5}'`
  3 Use_Memory=`df | awk -F " " '/\/$/{print $5}' | cut -d "%" -f 1`
  4 while [ $Use_Memory -gt "80" ]
  5 do
  6         echo "Permissive: Ues_Memory of root directory overflows 80%" >> /var/log/messages
  7         sleep 10
  8 done

 或者
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 while true
  3 do
  4         Use_Memory=`df | awk -F " " '/\/$/{print $5}' | cut -d "%" -f 1`
  5         [ $Use_Memory -gt "80" ] && {
  6                 echo "Permissive: Ues_Memory of root directory overflows 80%    " >> /var/log/messages
  7         }
  8         sleep 10
  9 done

[root@localhost mnt]# vim use.sh
1 #!/bin/bash
2 while true
3 do
4 Use_memory=df | awk -F " " '/\/$/{print $5}' | awk -F "%" '{print $ 1}'
5 [ “$Use_memory” -ge “5” ] && {
6 echo wornin:full >> /var/log/messages
7 }
8 sleep 3
9 done
~

三、if语句

 1.编写脚本User_create.sh，当文件个数不符合要求或者文件不存在时报错
 复杂型：
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 if
  3         [ $# -eq 2 ]
  4 then
  5         [ -e $1 ] && {
  6                 [ -e $2 ] && {
  7                 n=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $1`
  8                 for Num in `seq 1 "$n"`
  9                 do
 10                         User_name=`sed -n ""$Num"p" $1`
 11                         Passwd=`sed -n ""$Num"p" $2`
 12                         useradd $User_name
 13                         echo $Passwd | passwd --stdin $User_name
 14                 done }
 15         } || echo Error!!
 16 else
 17         echo Error!!
 18 fi

 简单型
 19 if      [ $# -lt 2]
 20 then    
 21         echo Error:please input a user file and a passwd file !!
 22 elif    [ ! -e $1 ]     
 23 then    
 24         echo Error:$1 is not exist!!
 25 elif    [ ! -e $2 ]
 26 then
 27         echo Error:$2 is not exist!!    
 28 else
 29         n=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $1`
 30         for Num in `seq 1 "$n"`
 31         do
 32                 User_name=`sed -n ""$Num"p" $1`
 33                 Passwd=`sed -n ""$Num"p" $2`
 34                 useradd $User_name
 35                 echo $Passwd | passwd --stdin $User_name
 36         done 
 37 fi

[root@localhost mnt]# vim if_test.sh
1 #!/bin/bash
2 if [ “$#” -lt “2” ] 3 then 4 echo ERROR:please input a userfile and password file after scripts ! ! 5 elif [ ! -e “$1” ]
6 then
7 echo ERROR：$1 is not exist!! 8 elif [ ! -e “$2” ]
9 then
10 echo ERROR: $2 is not exist!!
11 else
12 M=awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $1
13 for Num in seq 1 $M
14 do
15 User_name=sed -n ${Num}p $1
16 passwd=sed -n ${Num}p $2
17 useradd $User_name 18 echo$passwd | passwd --stdin $User_name
19 done
20 fi
[root@localhost mnt]# sh if_test.sh file1 file2
Changing password for user user1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user user2.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user user3.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

 2.编写脚本test.sh，当输入cat时，输出dog；输入dog时，输出cat；其他则报错
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 if [ "$1" = cat ]
  3 then
  4         echo dog
  5 elif [ "$1" = dog ]
  6 then
  7         echo cat 
  8 else
  9         echo Error:please input cat or dog after script!
 10 fi

[root@localhost mnt]# vim test.sh
1 #!/bin/bash
2 if [ “$1” = cat ] 3 then 4 echo dog 5 elif [ “$1” = dog ]
6 then
7 echo cat
8 else
9 echo ERROR:please input cat or dog after script!
10 fi
[root@localhost mnt]# sh test.sh cat
dog

四、case语句  

  case语句横向同时比较，效率优于if语句
 1.编写脚本service_ctrl.sh，当输入命令时，对httpd服务做不同操作
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 case $1 in
  3         start)
  4         systemctl start httpd
  5         ;;
  6         port)
  7         netstat -antuple | grep httpd
  8         ;;
  9         stop)
 10         systemctl stop httpd
 11         ;;
 12         *)
 13         echo Error:$1 is not found!
 14 esac

[root@localhost mnt]# vim service_ctrl.sh

1 #!/bin/bash
2 case $1 in 3 start) 4 systemctl start httpd 5 ;; 6 port) 7 netstat -antlupe | grep httpd 8 ;; 9 stop) 10 systemctl stop httpd 11 ;; 12 *) 13 echo ERROR:$1 is not found
14 esac
[root@localhost mnt]# sh service_ctrl.sh port
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 0 75154 10333/httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 75140 10333/httpd

五、expect语句

  ####注意：需要安装expect服务#####
 expect：自动应答脚本，具备自己的运行环境；针对某一脚本，自动输出结果
 1.编写脚本passwd.exp，自动修改root用户密码
  查看相关命令的脚本：
[root@localhost mnt]# which passwd 
/bin/passwd
[root@localhost mnt]# which expect
/bin/expect

  编写脚本： 
[root@localhost mnt]# cat passwd.exp 
!/bin/expect
spawn /bin/passwd     ##监控脚本
expect "New"
send "123\r"
expect "Retype"
send "123\r"
expect eof     

修改密码

 2.编写脚本ssh.exp，自动链接指定主机
  1 #!/bin/expect
  2 set IP [ lindex $argv 0 ]
  3 set PASSWD [ lindex $argv 1 ]
  4 spawn ssh root@$IP
  5 expect {
  6         "yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
  7         "password" { send "$PASSWD\r" }
  8 }
  9 interact
 10 #expect eof
[root@localhost mnt]# expect passwd.exp 
spawn passwd root
Changing password for user root.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@localhost mnt]# vim passwd.exp

  1 #!/bin/expect
  2 spawn passwd root
  3 expect "New"
  4 send "123\r"
  5 expect "Retype"
  6 send "123\r"
  7 expect eof

exp_continue 表示当问题不存在的时候继续回答下面的问题
expect eof 表示问题回答完毕退出

实验链接主机：
[root@localhost mnt]# expect ssh.exp 172.25.254.10 westos
spawn ssh root@172.25.254.10
root@172.25.254.10’s password:
Last login: Wed May 16 14:36:07 2018 from 172.25.254.200

[root@localhost mnt]# vim ssh.exp 
  1 #!/usr/bin/expect
  2 set IP [ lindex $argv 0 ]
  3 set pass [ lindex $argv 1 ]
  4 spawn ssh root@$IP
  5 expect {
  6         "yes/no" { send yes\r; exp_continue }
  7         "password" { send "$pass\r" }
  8 }
  9 interact                                                                                        

3.编写脚本check_host.sh，输出1-10网络通的主机名

[root@localhost mnt]# vim ping.sh 
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for Num in {10..20}
  3 do      ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$Num &> /dev/null &&{
  4 /usr/bin/expect <<EOF
  5 set timeout 2
  6 spawn ssh root@172.25.254.$Num `hostname`
  7 expect {
  8         "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
  9         "password" { send "redhat\r" }
 10 }
 11 expect eof
 12 EOF
 13 }
 14 done
   [root@localhost mnt]# sh ping.sh 
spawn ssh root@172.25.254.15 rng      

六、脚本语句控制器
exit
break
continue
运算方式及运算符号

[root@localhost mnt]# echo $[ 1+2 ]
3
[root@localhost mnt]# echo $[ 5**2 ]
25
[root@localhost mnt]# echo $[ 5**3 ]
125
[root@localhost mnt]# echo $[ 5%3 ]
2
[root@localhost mnt]# echo $[ 5/3 ]
1
[root@localhost mnt]# vim test.sh
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 for ((i=1;i<10;i++))
  3 do
  4         echo $i
  5 done
[root@localhost mnt]# sh test.sh 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

n+=i 表示n+i=n

[root@localhost mnt]# a=1
[root@localhost mnt]# b=1
[root@localhost mnt]# let c=$a+$b
[root@localhost mnt]# echo $c
2

七、倒计时
编写脚本1：10倒计时

[root@localhost mnt]# vim test.sh
  1 #!/bin/bash
  2 MIN=1
  3 SEC=10
  4 for ((SEC=$SEC;SEC>=0;SEC--))
  5 do
  6         [ "$SEC" -eq "0" -a "$MIN" -eq "0" ]&& exit 0
  7         while [ "$SEC" -eq "0" -a "$MIN" -ge "0" ]
  8         do
  9                 echo -n "After $MIN:$SEC is end "
 10                 sleep 1
 11                 ((MIN--))
 12                 SEC=59
 13                 echo -ne "\r    \r"
 14         done
 15         echo -n "After $MIN:$SEC is end"
 16         sleep 1
 17         echo -ne "\r    \r"
 18 done