【本文为转载】http://www.jb51.net/article/41546.htm
BINARY不是函数,是类型转换运算符,它用来强制它后面的字符串为一个二进制字符串,可以
理解为在字符串比较的时候区分大小写
复制代码代码如下:
(说明不用binary是大写不敏感,用了binary后大小写敏感了)
mysql> select binary 'ABCD'='abcd' COM1, 'ABCD'='abcd' COM2;
+--------+-----------+
| COM1 | COM2 |
+--------+-----------+
| 0 | 1 |
+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select binary 'ABCD'='abcd' COM1, 'ABCD'='abcd' COM2;
+--------+-----------+
| COM1 | COM2 |
+--------+-----------+
| 0 | 1 |
+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(仅仅有些而已!4.*以前)
因为有的MySQL特别是4.*以前的对于中文检索会有不准确的问题,可以在检索的时候加上binary。
建表:
复制代码代码如下:
create TABLE usertest (
id int(9) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
username varchar(30) NOT NULL default '',
primary key (id)
)
插入数据:
复制代码代码如下:
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('美文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('美国项目');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('李文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('老唐');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('梦漂');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('龙武');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('夏');
例如:select * from usertest where username like '%夏%' ,结果七条记录都出来了,比较郁闷。
如果使用=而不是like的时候,select * from usertest where username = '夏' ,只出现一个结果。
因为mysql 的LIKE操作是按照ASCII 操作的,所以LIKE的时候是可能有问题的。问题继续:如果再加上:
复制代码代码如下:
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('文');
insert into usertest (username) VALUES('唐');
还是使用select * from usertest where username = '夏' ,结果还是出现3条记录,又郁闷了。 解决办法如下:
1.在create的时候就使用binary
复制代码代码如下:
username varchar(30) BINARY NOT NULL default '', 如果表已经建好了,使用:
alter table usertest modify username varchar(32) binary; 来就该表的属性。
2.在query的时候加上binary
select * from usertest where username like binary '%夏%' ,就可以准确的查询出一条记录来。(类型一致)
char使用固定长度的空间进行存储,char(4)存储4个字符,根据编码方式的不同占用不同的字节,gbk编码方式,不论是中文还是英文,每个字符占用2个字节的空间,utf8编码方式,每个字符占用3个字节的空间。
char使用固定长度的空间进行存储,char(4)存储4个字符,根据编码方式的不同占用不同的字节,gbk编码方式,不论是中文还是英文,每个字符占用2个字节的空间,utf8编码方式,每个字符占用3个字节的空间。
如果需要存储的字符串的长度跟所有值的平均长度相差不大,适合用char,如MD5。
对于经常改变的值,char优于varchar,原因是固定长度的行不容易产生碎片。
对于很短的列,char优于varchar,原因是varchar需要额外一个或两个字节存储字符串的长度。
varchar保存可变长度的字符串,使用额外的一个或两个字节存储字符串长度,varchar(10),除了需要存储10个字符,还需要1个字节存储长度信息(10),超过255的长度需要2个字节来存储
例外:Myisam引擎中使用ROW_FORMAT=FIXED时,每行使用相同的空间,造成浪费
char和varchar后面如果有空格,char会自动去掉空格后存储,varchar虽然不会去掉空格,但在进行字符串比较时,会去掉空格进行比较
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| addr | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| bn | varbinary(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| b | binary(8) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+----------------------+----------------------+
| concat("$",name,"$") | concat("$",addr,"$") |
+----------------------+----------------------+
| $asdf$ | $a$ |
| $asdf$ | $a$ |
| $a $ | $a$ |
| $a$ | $a$ |
| $t a$ | $a$ |
+----------------------+----------------------+
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a '; //由于name是varchar,比较时,'a '自动转换为'a'
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 3 | a | a | ab | ab |
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 3 | a | a | ab | ab |
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| addr | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| bn | varbinary(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| b | binary(8) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+--------------------+-------------------+
| concat("$",bn,"$") | concat("$",b,"$") |
+--------------------+-------------------+
| $ab a$ | NULL |
| $ab $ | $ab $ |
| $ab$ | $ab $ |
| $ab $ | $a $ |
| NULL | $a $ |
| NULL | $abcde $ |
| NULL | $abcd1234$ |
+--------------------+-------------------+
binary保存二进制字符串,它保存的是字节而不是字符,没有字符集限制
binary(8)可以保存8个字符,每个字符占1个字节,共占8个字节
进行比较时是按字节进行比较,而不是按字符(char),按字节比较比字符简单快速
按字符比较不区分大小写,而binary区分大小写,结尾使用\0填充,而不是空格
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a\0\0\0\0\0\0\0';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 5 | t a | a | NULL | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a \0\0\0\0\0\0';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
varbinary保存变长的字符串,后面不会补\0
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 3 | a | a | ab | ab |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 2 | asdf | a | ab | ab |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
对于经常改变的值,char优于varchar,原因是固定长度的行不容易产生碎片。
对于很短的列,char优于varchar,原因是varchar需要额外一个或两个字节存储字符串的长度。
varchar保存可变长度的字符串,使用额外的一个或两个字节存储字符串长度,varchar(10),除了需要存储10个字符,还需要1个字节存储长度信息(10),超过255的长度需要2个字节来存储
例外:Myisam引擎中使用ROW_FORMAT=FIXED时,每行使用相同的空间,造成浪费
char和varchar后面如果有空格,char会自动去掉空格后存储,varchar虽然不会去掉空格,但在进行字符串比较时,会去掉空格进行比较
复制代码代码如下:
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| addr | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| bn | varbinary(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| b | binary(8) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+----------------------+----------------------+
| concat("$",name,"$") | concat("$",addr,"$") |
+----------------------+----------------------+
| $asdf$ | $a$ |
| $asdf$ | $a$ |
| $a $ | $a$ |
| $a$ | $a$ |
| $t a$ | $a$ |
+----------------------+----------------------+
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a '; //由于name是varchar,比较时,'a '自动转换为'a'
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 3 | a | a | ab | ab |
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where name='a';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 3 | a | a | ab | ab |
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| addr | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| bn | varbinary(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| b | binary(8) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
+--------------------+-------------------+
| concat("$",bn,"$") | concat("$",b,"$") |
+--------------------+-------------------+
| $ab a$ | NULL |
| $ab $ | $ab $ |
| $ab$ | $ab $ |
| $ab $ | $a $ |
| NULL | $a $ |
| NULL | $abcde $ |
| NULL | $abcd1234$ |
+--------------------+-------------------+
binary保存二进制字符串,它保存的是字节而不是字符,没有字符集限制
binary(8)可以保存8个字符,每个字符占1个字节,共占8个字节
进行比较时是按字节进行比较,而不是按字符(char),按字节比较比字符简单快速
按字符比较不区分大小写,而binary区分大小写,结尾使用\0填充,而不是空格
复制代码代码如下:
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a\0\0\0\0\0\0\0';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 5 | t a | a | NULL | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
mysql> select * from zcy where b='a \0\0\0\0\0\0';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
varbinary保存变长的字符串,后面不会补\0
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 3 | a | a | ab | ab |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 2 | asdf | a | ab | ab |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from zcy where bn='ab ';
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| id | name | addr | bn | b |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
| 4 | a | a | ab | a |
+----+------+------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)