An initial investigation on optimizing tandem speaker verification and countermeasure systems using

An initial investigation on optimizing tandem speaker verification and countermeasure systems using reinforcement learning
标题：利用强化学习优化串联说话人验证与对抗系统的初步研究
作者： Anssi Kanervisto, Junichi Yamagishi
链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.03801

The spoofing countermeasure (CM) systems in automatic speaker verification (ASV) are not typically used in isolation of each other. These systems can be combined, for example, into a cascaded system where CM produces first a decision whether the input is synthetic or bona fide speech. In case the CM decides it is a bona fide sample, then the ASV system will consider it for speaker verification. End users of the system are not interested in the performance of the individual sub-modules, but instead are interested in the performance of the combined system. Such combination can be evaluated with tandem detection cost function (t-DCF) measure, yet the individual components are trained separately from each other using their own performance metrics. In this work we study training the ASV and CM components together for a better t-DCF measure by using reinforcement learning. We demonstrate that such training procedure indeed is able to improve the performance of the combined system, and does so with more reliable results than with the standard supervised learning techniques we compare against.
自动说话人验证（ASV）中的欺骗对抗（CM）系统通常不是孤立使用的。例如，可以将这些系统组合成级联系统，其中CM首先生成输入是合成语音还是真实语音的决策。如果CM确定它是一个真实的样本，那么ASV系统将考虑它进行说话人验证。系统的最终用户对单个子模块的性能不感兴趣，而是对组合系统的性能感兴趣。这种组合可以用串联检测成本函数（t-DCF）度量进行评估，但是各个组件使用各自的性能度量进行单独训练。在这项工作中，我们研究了使用强化学习来训练ASV和CM组件，以获得更好的t-DCF度量。我们证明，这种训练程序确实能够提高组合系统的性能，并且与我们比较的标准监督学习技术相比，这样做的结果更可靠。