G1 垃圾收集器

VM参数：
-Xms10m -Xmx10m -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags -XX:+UseG1GC
输出结果：

-XX:InitialHeapSize=10485760 -XX:MaxHeapSize=10485760 -XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseCompressedClassPointers -XX:+UseCompressedOops -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:-UseLargePagesIndividualAllocation 
[GC pause (G1 Humongous Allocation) (young) (initial-mark), 0.0015787 secs]
   [Parallel Time: 0.8 ms, GC Workers: 8]
      [GC Worker Start (ms): Min: 106.4, Avg: 106.5, Max: 106.5, Diff: 0.1]
      [Ext Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.2, Avg: 0.3, Max: 0.5, Diff: 0.4, Sum: 2.2]
      [Update RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
         [Processed Buffers: Min: 0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0, Diff: 0, Sum: 0]
      [Scan RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Code Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Object Copy (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.3, Max: 0.3, Diff: 0.3, Sum: 2.1]
      [Termination (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.1, Diff: 0.1, Sum: 0.4]
         [Termination Attempts: Min: 1, Avg: 5.3, Max: 10, Diff: 9, Sum: 42]
      [GC Worker Other (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.1, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.3]
      [GC Worker Total (ms): Min: 0.6, Avg: 0.6, Max: 0.7, Diff: 0.1, Sum: 4.9]
      [GC Worker End (ms): Min: 107.1, Avg: 107.1, Max: 107.1, Diff: 0.0]
   [Code Root Fixup: 0.0 ms]
   [Code Root Purge: 0.0 ms]
   [Clear CT: 0.3 ms]
   [Other: 0.5 ms]
      [Choose CSet: 0.0 ms]
      [Ref Proc: 0.2 ms]
      [Ref Enq: 0.0 ms]
      [Redirty Cards: 0.3 ms]
      [Humongous Register: 0.0 ms]
      [Humongous Reclaim: 0.0 ms]
      [Free CSet: 0.0 ms]
   [Eden: 4096.0K(4096.0K)->0.0B(4096.0K) Survivors: 0.0B->1024.0K Heap: 7073.4K(10.0M)->2724.8K(10.0M)]
 [Times: user=0.02 sys=0.02, real=0.00 secs] 
[GC concurrent-root-region-scan-start]
[GC concurrent-root-region-scan-end, 0.0004957 secs]
[GC concurrent-mark-start]
[GC concurrent-mark-end, 0.0001071 secs]
[GC remark [Finalize Marking, 0.0001876 secs] [GC ref-proc, 0.0002450 secs] [Unloading, 0.0003675 secs], 0.0011690 secs]
 [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[GC cleanup 4725K->4725K(10M), 0.0004907 secs]
 [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[GC pause (G1 Humongous Allocation) (young), 0.0009748 secs]
   [Parallel Time: 0.6 ms, GC Workers: 8]
      [GC Worker Start (ms): Min: 111.8, Avg: 111.9, Max: 112.2, Diff: 0.5]
      [Ext Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.1, Max: 0.2, Diff: 0.2, Sum: 0.8]
      [Update RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
         [Processed Buffers: Min: 0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0, Diff: 0, Sum: 0]
      [Scan RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Code Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Object Copy (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.2, Max: 0.3, Diff: 0.3, Sum: 1.7]
      [Termination (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.2]
         [Termination Attempts: Min: 1, Avg: 3.3, Max: 5, Diff: 4, Sum: 26]
      [GC Worker Other (ms): Min: 0.1, Avg: 0.1, Max: 0.1, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.8]
      [GC Worker Total (ms): Min: 0.1, Avg: 0.5, Max: 0.6, Diff: 0.5, Sum: 3.6]
      [GC Worker End (ms): Min: 112.3, Avg: 112.3, Max: 112.4, Diff: 0.0]
   [Code Root Fixup: 0.0 ms]
   [Code Root Purge: 0.0 ms]
   [Clear CT: 0.1 ms]
   [Other: 0.2 ms]
      [Choose CSet: 0.0 ms]
      [Ref Proc: 0.1 ms]
      [Ref Enq: 0.0 ms]
      [Redirty Cards: 0.1 ms]
      [Humongous Register: 0.0 ms]
      [Humongous Reclaim: 0.0 ms]
      [Free CSet: 0.0 ms]
   [Eden: 1024.0K(4096.0K)->0.0B(4096.0K) Survivors: 1024.0K->1024.0K Heap: 6808.1K(10.0M)->2595.2K(10.0M)]
 [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[GC pause (G1 Humongous Allocation) (young) (initial-mark), 0.0006211 secs]
   [Parallel Time: 0.2 ms, GC Workers: 8]
      [GC Worker Start (ms): Min: 113.3, Avg: 113.3, Max: 113.4, Diff: 0.1]
      [Ext Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.1, Max: 0.2, Diff: 0.2, Sum: 1.0]
      [Update RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
         [Processed Buffers: Min: 0, Avg: 0.1, Max: 1, Diff: 1, Sum: 1]
      [Scan RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Code Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Object Copy (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Termination (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.1, Diff: 0.1, Sum: 0.3]
         [Termination Attempts: Min: 1, Avg: 1.0, Max: 1, Diff: 0, Sum: 8]
      [GC Worker Other (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [GC Worker Total (ms): Min: 0.1, Avg: 0.2, Max: 0.2, Diff: 0.1, Sum: 1.4]
      [GC Worker End (ms): Min: 113.5, Avg: 113.5, Max: 113.5, Diff: 0.0]
   [Code Root Fixup: 0.0 ms]
   [Code Root Purge: 0.0 ms]
   [Clear CT: 0.1 ms]
   [Other: 0.3 ms]
      [Choose CSet: 0.0 ms]
      [Ref Proc: 0.1 ms]
      [Ref Enq: 0.0 ms]
      [Redirty Cards: 0.1 ms]
      [Humongous Register: 0.0 ms]
      [Humongous Reclaim: 0.0 ms]
      [Free CSet: 0.0 ms]
   [Eden: 0.0B(4096.0K)->0.0B(2048.0K) Survivors: 1024.0K->1024.0K Heap: 4595.9K(10.0M)->4557.3K(10.0M)]
 [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[GC concurrent-root-region-scan-start]
[GC pause (G1 Humongous Allocation) (young)[GC concurrent-root-region-scan-end, 0.0001112 secs]
[GC concurrent-mark-start]
, 0.0006422 secs]
   [Root Region Scan Waiting: 0.0 ms]
   [Parallel Time: 0.2 ms, GC Workers: 8]
      [GC Worker Start (ms): Min: 114.2, Avg: 114.3, Max: 114.4, Diff: 0.2]
      [Ext Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.1, Max: 0.1, Diff: 0.1, Sum: 0.7]
      [Update RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
         [Processed Buffers: Min: 0, Avg: 0.1, Max: 1, Diff: 1, Sum: 1]
      [Scan RS (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Code Root Scanning (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Object Copy (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [Termination (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.1]
         [Termination Attempts: Min: 1, Avg: 1.0, Max: 1, Diff: 0, Sum: 8]
      [GC Worker Other (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.0, Max: 0.0, Diff: 0.0, Sum: 0.0]
      [GC Worker Total (ms): Min: 0.0, Avg: 0.1, Max: 0.2, Diff: 0.2, Sum: 0.9]
      [GC Worker End (ms): Min: 114.4, Avg: 114.4, Max: 114.4, Diff: 0.0]
   [Code Root Fixup: 0.0 ms]
   [Code Root Purge: 0.0 ms]
   [Clear CT: 0.1 ms]
   [Other: 0.3 ms]
      [Choose CSet: 0.0 ms]
      [Ref Proc: 0.1 ms]
      [Ref Enq: 0.0 ms]
      [Redirty Cards: 0.1 ms]
      [Humongous Register: 0.0 ms]
      [Humongous Reclaim: 0.0 ms]
      [Free CSet: 0.0 ms]
   [Eden: 0.0B(2048.0K)->0.0B(2048.0K) Survivors: 1024.0K->1024.0K Heap: 4557.3K(10.0M)->4547.6K(10.0M)]
 [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[Full GC (Allocation Failure)  4547K->4527K(10M), 0.0023437 secs]
   [Eden: 0.0B(2048.0K)->0.0B(3072.0K) Survivors: 1024.0K->0.0B Heap: 4547.6K(10.0M)->4527.6K(10.0M)], [Metaspace: 2658K->2658K(1056768K)]
 [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[Full GC (Allocation Failure)  4527K->4513K(10M), 0.0021281 secs]
   [Eden: 0.0B(3072.0K)->0.0B(3072.0K) Survivors: 0.0B->0.0B Heap: 4527.6K(10.0M)->4514.0K(10.0M)], [Metaspace: 2658K->2658K(1056768K)]
 [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[GC concurrent-mark-abort]
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3332)
	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.ensureCapacityInternal(AbstractStringBuilder.java:124)
	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.append(AbstractStringBuilder.java:448)
	at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(StringBuilder.java:136)
	at com.lun.jvm.GCDemo.main(GCDemo.java:22)
**Heap
 garbage-first heap   total 10240K, used 4513K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff700050, 0x0000000100000000)
  region size 1024K, 1 young (1024K), 0 survivors (0K)
 Metaspace       used 2689K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 286K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K**

以前收集器特点：

年轻代和老年代是各自独立且连续的内存块；
年轻代收集使用单eden+s0+s1进行复机算法；
老年代收集必须扫描整个老年代区域；
都是以尽可能少而快速地执行GC为设计原则。
G1是什么

G1 (Garbage-First）收集器，是一款面向服务端应用的收集器：

The Garbage-First (G1) collector is a server-style garbage collector, targeted for multi-processor machines with large memories. It meets garbage collection(GC) pause time goals with a high probability, while achieving high throughput. The G1 garbage
collector is fully supported in Oracle JDK 7 update 4 and later releases. The G1 collectoris designed for applications that:

Can operate concurrently with applications threads like the CMS collector.
Compact free space without lengthy GC induced pause times.
Need more predictable GC pause durations.
Do not want to sacrifice a lot of throughput performance.
Do not require a much larger Java heap.
从官网的描述中，我们知道G1是一种服务器端的垃圾收集器，应用在多处理器和大容量内存环境中，在实现高吞吐量的同时，尽可能的满足垃圾收集暂停时间的要求。另外，它还具有以下特性:

像CMS收集器一样，能与应用程序线程并发执行。

整理空闲空间更快。

需要更多的时间来预测GC停顿时间。

不希望牺牲大量的吞吐性能。

不需要更大的Java Heap。

G1收集器的设计目标是取代CMS收集器，它同CMS相比，在以下方面表现的更出色：

G1是一个有整理内存过程的垃圾收集器，不会产生很多内存碎片。

G1的Stop The World(STW)更可控，G1在停顿时间上添加了预测机制，用户可以指定期望停顿时间。

CMS垃圾收集器虽然减少了暂停应用程序的运行时间，但是它还是存在着内存碎片问题。于是，为了去除内存碎片问题，同时又保留CMS垃圾收集器低暂停时间的优点，JAVA7发布了一个新的垃圾收集器-G1垃圾收集器。

G1是在2012年才在jdk1.7u4中可用。oracle官方计划在JDK9中将G1变成默认的垃圾收集器以替代CMS。它是一款面向服务端应用的收集器，主要应用在多CPU和大内存服务器环境下，极大的减少垃圾收集的停顿时间，全面提升服务器的性能，逐步替换java8以前的CMS收集器。

主要改变是Eden，Survivor和Tenured等内存区域不再是连续的了，而是变成了一个个大小一样的region ,每个region从1M到32M不等。一个region有可能属于Eden，Survivor或者Tenured内存区域。

特点：

G1能充分利用多CPU、多核环境硬件优势，尽量缩短STW。
G1整体上采用标记-整理算法，局部是通过复制算法，不会产生内存碎片。
宏观上看G1之中不再区分年轻代和老年代。把内存划分成多个独立的子区域(Region)，可以近似理解为一个围棋的棋盘。
G1收集器里面讲整个的内存区都混合在一起了，但其本身依然在小范围内要进行年轻代和老年代的区分，保留了新生代和老年代，但它们不再是物理隔离的，而是一部分Region的集合且不需要Region是连续的，也就是说依然会采用不同的GC方式来处理不同的区域。
G1虽然也是分代收集器，但整个内存分区不存在物理上的年轻代与老年代的区别，也不需要完全独立的survivor(to space)堆做复制准备。G1只有逻辑上的分代概念，或者说每个分区都可能随G1的运行在不同代之间前后切换。