Http MultipartEntity与UrlEncodedFormEntity

这两个类均实现了HttpEntity接口,而二者的区别就和html表单有关系,

html中的form 表单有两种:除了传统的application/x-www-form-urlencoded表单,我们另一个经常用到的是上传文件用的表单,这种表单的类型为multipart/form-data。  后者主要是用来上传文件所用,所以一般情况下,在使用webservice 时,使用UrlEncodedFormEntity 比较多,UrlEncodedFormEntity 可以模拟传统的HTML表单传送POST请求中的参数,

如:html表单如下:

<form action=”http://localhost/index.html” method=”POST”>
<input type=”text” name=”param1″ value=”李三”/>
<input type=”text” name=”param2″ value=”男”/>
<inupt type=”submit” value=”submit”/>
</form>

 

代码如下:

List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(“param1″, “李三”));
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(“param2″, “男”));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, “UTF-8″);

MultipartEntity  则与form类型为multipart/form-data 对应,如 html from 如下:

 

<form action=”http://localhost/index.html” method=”POST”
enctype=”multipart/form-data”>
<input type=”text” name=”param1″ value=”李三”/>
<input type=”text” name=”param2″ value=”男”/>
<input type=”file” name=”param3″/>
<inupt type=”submit” value=”submit”/>
</form>

代码如下:

MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity();
entity.addPart(“param1″, new StringBody(“李三”, Charset.forName(“UTF-8″)));
entity.addPart(“param2″, new StringBody(“男”, Charset.forName(“UTF-8″)));
entity.addPart(“param3″, new FileBody(new File(“C:\\pic.gif”)));


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要使用HttpClient发送带文件和参数的POST请求,您可以按照以下步骤进行操作: 1. 导入所需的类: ```java import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; ``` 2. 创建HttpClient实例: ```java HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); ``` 3. 创建HttpPost请求对象: ```java HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); ``` 其中,`url`是目标URL。 4. 创建MultipartEntityBuilder对象,并添加文件和参数: ```java MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); builder.addPart("file", new FileBody(file)); // 添加文件 builder.addPart("param1", new StringBody(param1, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN)); // 添加参数1 builder.addPart("param2", new StringBody(param2, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN)); // 添加参数2 ``` 其中,`file`是要上传的文件,`param1`和`param2`是需要传递的参数。 5. 构建HttpEntity并设置给HttpPost请求对象: ```java HttpEntity multipartEntity = builder.build(); httpPost.setEntity(multipartEntity); ``` 6. 执行HttpPost请求并获取响应: ```java HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); ``` 7. 处理响应结果: ```java int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); // 处理响应实体 ``` 完整的示例代码如下: ```java import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class HttpClientExample { public static void main(String[] args) { String url = "http://example.com/upload"; String filePath = "/path/to/file"; String param1 = "value1"; String param2 = "value2"; HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); builder.addPart("file", new FileBody(new File(filePath))); builder.addPart("param1", new StringBody(param1, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN)); builder.addPart("param2", new StringBody(param2, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN)); HttpEntity multipartEntity = builder.build(); httpPost.setEntity(multipartEntity); try { HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity(); // 处理响应实体 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` 请注意,上述示例中使用的是Apache HttpClient 4.x版本。在使用之前,请确保已经添加相关的依赖。

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