- 流式套接字SOCK_STREAM(基于TCP协议)
- 数据报套接字SOCK_STREAM基于UDP协议)
- 原始套接字SOCK_RAW(一般不常用)
二、网络字节序
不同的计算机存放字节的顺序不同,基于Intel的CPU,即我们常用的PC机采用的是低位先存。为了确保数据的正确性,在网络协议中需要指定网络字节顺序,TCP/IP协议使用16位整数和32位整数的高位先存格式。在网络中不同的主机进行通信的时候,要采用统一的网络字节顺序。
三、套接字使用方法
1.基于TCP协议的c/s模式的socket应用
服务器端:
(0)加载socket,进行socket库的版本协商WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
(1)创建用于监听的socket SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
(2)把socket绑定到本机IP和端口上 bind(sockSrv,(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
(3)在服务器端,将socket设置为监听模式 listen(sockSrv,5);
(4)等待客户端连接并创建用于通信的socket,accept函数为阻塞函数, SOCKET sockClient = accept(sockSrv,(SOCKADDR*)&addrClient,&len);
(5)向客户端发送数据 send(sockClient,sendBuf,strlen(sendBuf)+1,0);
(6)接收客户端发来的数据 recv(sockClient,recvBuf,100,0);
(7)关闭socket closesocket(sockClient);
(8)服务器端用于监听的socket需要一直开启
客户端:
(0)加载socket,进行socket库的版本协商WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
(1)创建用于通信的socket SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
(2)向服务器端发起连接请求 connect(sockClient,(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
(3)接收服务器端传来的数据 recv(sockClient,recvBuf,100,0);
(4)向服务器端发送数据 send(sockClient,"This is zhangsan",strlen("This is zhangsan")+1,0);
(5)关闭socket closesocket(sockClient);
2.基于UDP协议的c/s模式的socket应用
服务器端:
(0)加载socket,进行socket库的版本协商WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
(1)创建用于监听的socket SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
(2)绑定到固定的计算机上 bind(sockSrv,(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
(3)接收客户端传来的数据 recvfrom(sockSrv,recvBuf,100,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrClient,&length);
(4)向客户端发送数据 sendto(sockSrv,"This is zhangsan",strlen("This is zhangsan")+1,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
(5)关闭socket closesocket(sockSrv);
客户端:
(0)加载socket,进行socket库的版本协商WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
(1)创建用于聊天通信的socket SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
(2)向服务器端发送数据 sendto(sockClient,"This is zhangsan",strlen("This is zhangsan")+1,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv,sizeof(SOCKADDR));
(3)接收服务器端传来的数据 recvfrom(sockClient,recvBuf,100,0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv,&length);
(4)关闭socket closesocket(sockClient);
四、几个需要注意的函数
(1)IP地址相关,inet_addr()和inet_ntoa()
用法:
inet_addr(“127.0.0.1”);将点分十进制记的IP地址转换成一个适合分配给S_addr的u_long类型的数值
inet_ntoa(addrClient.sin_addr)会完成相反的转换,将网络字节序的in_addr类型的IP地址转换成为点分十进制记的IP地址
(2)端口号相关,htonl()和htons()
用法:
htonl(INADDR_ANY);把一个u_long类型的值从主机字节序转换成为TCP/IP网络字节顺序
htons(6000);把一个u_short类型的值从主机字节序转换成为TCP/IP网络字节顺序
INADDR_ANY这个宏的值就是0,转换之后仍然是0
五、基于TCP的示例
(1)服务器端代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinSock.h>
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//0、加载套接字库
WORD wVersionRequested;
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if(0!=err){
return 0;
}
if(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1){
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
//1、创建套接字
SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//2、绑定到本地地址和端口
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;//除了该成员,都需要网络字节序
addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
//3、将socket设置为监听模式,准备接收客户请求
listen(sockSrv, SOMAXCONN);
//4、等待客户连接accept
SOCKADDR_IN addrClient;
int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
while(1)
{
SOCKET sockConn = accept(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrClient, &len);
//5、发送数据
char sendBuf[100];
sprintf(sendBuf, "Welcome %s", inet_ntoa(addrClient.sin_addr));
send(sockConn, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf)+1, 0);
char recvBuf[100];
recv(sockConn, recvBuf, 100, 0);
printf("%s\n",recvBuf);
closesocket(sockConn);
}
closesocket(sockSrv);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
(2)客户端代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinSock.h>
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//0、加载套接字库
WORD wVersionRequested;
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if(0!=err){
return 0;
}
if(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1){
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
//1、创建套接字
SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//2、发出连接请求
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");//服务端IP地址
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
connect(sockClient, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
//3、发送数据
char recvBuf[100];
recv(sockClient, recvBuf, 100, 0);
printf("%s\n",recvBuf);
//4、接收数据
send(sockClient, "this is zhangsan", sizeof("this is zhangsan")+1, 0);
closesocket(sockClient);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
六、基于UDP的示例
(1)服务端代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinSock.h>
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//0、加载套接字库
WORD wVersionRequested;
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if(0!=err){
return 0;
}
if(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1){
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
//1、创建套接字
SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
//2、把该套接字绑定到本地IP和端口
bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
SOCKADDR_IN addrClient;
int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
char recvBuf[100];
//3、等待...接收客户端发来的数据
recvfrom(sockSrv, recvBuf, 100, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrClient, &len);
printf("%s\n",recvBuf);
closesocket(sockSrv);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
(2)客户端代码
#include <WinSock.h>
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//0、加载套接字库
WORD wVersionRequested;
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if(0!=err){
return 0;
}
if(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1){
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
//1、创建套接字
SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
//2、发送数据
sendto(sockClient, "Hello", strlen("Hello")+1, 0,
(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
//3、关闭套接字
closesocket(sockClient);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
七、网络聊天室程序(基于UDP协议)
(1)服务端代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinSock.h>
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//0、加载套接字库
WORD wVersionRequested;
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if(0!=err){
return 0;
}
if(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1){
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
//1、创建套接字
SOCKET sockSrv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
//2、把该套接字绑定到本地IP和端口
bind(sockSrv, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
char recvBuf[100];
char sendBuf[100];
char tempBuf[100];
SOCKADDR_IN addrClient;
int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
while(1)
{
//3、等待...接收客户端发来的数据(改函数是阻塞函数)
recvfrom(sockSrv, recvBuf, 100, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrClient, &len);
if('q' == recvBuf[0])
{
sendto(sockSrv, "q", strlen("q")+1, 0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrClient, len);
printf("chat end!\n");
break;
}
sprintf_s(tempBuf, "%s say: %s", inet_ntoa(addrClient.sin_addr), recvBuf);
printf("%s\n", tempBuf);
printf("please input data:\n");
gets_s(sendBuf);
sendto(sockSrv, sendBuf, strlen(sendBuf)+1, 0,(SOCKADDR*)&addrClient,
len);
}
closesocket(sockSrv);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
(2)客户端代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinSock.h>
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib")
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
//0、加载套接字库
WORD wVersionRequested;
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
if(0!=err){
return 0;
}
if(LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) !=1){
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
//1、创建套接字
SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
addrSrv.sin_port = htons(6000);
char recvBuf[100];
char sendBuf[100];
char tempBuf[100];
int len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
while(1)
{
printf("Please input data:\n");
gets_s(sendBuf);
sendto(sockClient, sendBuf, sizeof(SOCKADDR)+1, 0,
(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, len);
recvfrom(sockClient, recvBuf, 100, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, &len);
if('q' == recvBuf[0])
{
sendto(sockClient, "q", strlen("q")+1, 0, (SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv, len);
printf("chat end!\n");
break;
}
sprintf_s(tempBuf, "%s say : %s", inet_ntoa(addrSrv.sin_addr), recvBuf);
printf("%s\n", tempBuf);
}
closesocket(sockClient);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}