C++课后题目解析

第二章

1、当从键盘上输入"23.56(空格)10(空格)90<回车>"时,写出下面程序的运行结果

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
	int a,b,c;
	char ch;
	cin >> a >> ch >> b >> c;
	cout << a << endl << ch << endl << b << endl << c;
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下:
23
.
56
10

3、写出下面程序的运行结果:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int i = 0;
int main() {
	int i = 5;
	{
		int i = 7;
		cout << "::i=" << ::i << endl;
		cout << "i=" << i << endl;
		::i = 1;
		cout << "::i=" << i << endl;
	}
	cout << "i=" << i << endl;
	cout << "Please input x,y:  ::i=" << ::i << endl;
	i += ::i;
	::i = 100;
	cout << "i=" << i << endl;
	cout << "::i" << ::i << endl;
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下:
::i=0
i=7
::i=7
i=5
Please input x,y: ::i=1
i=6
::i=100

6、写出下面程序的运行结果

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void fun(int x, int& y) {
	x += y;
	y += x;
}
int main() {
	int x = 5, y = 10;
	fun(x, y);
	fun(y, x);
	cout << "x=" << x << ",y=" << y << endl;
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下:
x=35,y=25

注意fun函数里面引用的y是可以传出函数的,而x不可以

第三章

2、写出下面程序的运行结果

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Sample {
	int x;
public:
	void setx(int i) {
		x = i;
	}
	int getx() {
		return x;
	}
};
int main() {
	Sample a[3], * p;
	int i = 0;
	for (p = a; p < a + 3; p++) {
		p->setx(i++);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		p = &a[i];
		cout << p->getx() << "	";
	}
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下
0 1 2

编程题1、
定义一个学生类,设计私有数据成员
年龄 age;
姓名 string name;
公有成员函数
构造函数:带参数的构造函数Student(int m,string n)
不带参数的构造函数Student();
改变数据成员值函数void SetName(int m,string n)
获取数据成员函数int Getage();String Getname()

在main()中定义一个有3个元素的对象数组并分别初始化,然后输出对象数组的信息。

代码编写如下

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
class Student {
private:
	int age;
	string name;
public:
	Student() { name = "无名氏", age = 0; }
	Student(int m, string n) { age = m; name = n; }
	void SetName(int m, string n) { age = m; name = n; }
	int Getage() { return age; }
	string GetName() { return name; }
};
int main() {
	Student s[3];
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		int m; string n;
		cin >> m >> n;
		s[i].SetName(m, n);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		cout << s[i].GetName() <<" - "<< s[i].Getage() << endl;
	}

}

第四章

编程题
要求先定义一个Point类,用来产生平面上的点对象.两点决定一条线段,即线段由点构成.因此,Line类使用Point类的对象作为数据成员,然后Line类的构造函数中求出线段的长度.

class Point{
private:
	double X,Y;
public:
	Point(double a,double b);
	Point(Point &p);
	double GetX();
	double GetY();
};
class Line{
private:
	Point A,B;
	double length;
public:
	Line(Point p1,Point p2);
	double GetLength();
};

在main()函数中定义线段的两个端点,并输出线段的长度.

代码编写如下

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point {
private:
	double X, Y;
public:
	friend class Line;
	Point(double a, double b);
	Point() {};
	Point(Point& p);
	double GetX();
	double GetY();
};
class Line {
private:
	Point A, B;
	double length;
public:
	Line(Point p1, Point p2);
	double GetLength();
};
Point::Point(double a, double b) {
	X = a; Y = b;
}
Point::Point(Point& p) {
	X = p.X; Y = p.Y;
}
double Point::GetX() {
	return X;
}
double Point::GetY() {
	return Y;
}
Line::Line(Point p1, Point p2) {
	A = p1; B = p2;
	length = sqrt(abs(A.X * A.X - B.X * B.X) + abs(A.Y * A.Y - B.Y * B.Y));
}
double Line::GetLength() {
	return length;
}
int main() {
	Point A(1,1), B(2,2);
	Line l(A, B);
	cout << "length is :" << l.GetLength();
}

2、定义一个学生类,有如下的基本成员.
私有数据:年龄 int age;姓名 string name;
公有静态数据成员:学生人数 static int count;
公有成员函数:构造函数,带参数的构造函数Student(int m,string n),不带参数的构造函数Student();
析构函数~Student();
输出函数:void Print() const;
主函数的定义及程序的运行结果如下,请完成类的定义及类中各函数的实现代码,补充成一个完整的程序

int main(){
	cout<<"cout="<<Student::count<<endl;
	Student s1,*p=new Student(23,"ZhangHong");
	s1.Print();
	p->Print();
	delete p;
	s1.Print();
	Student Stu[4];
	cout<<"cout="<<Student::count<<endl;
	return 0;
}

运行结果:
count=0
2
Name = NoName , age=0
2
Name = ZhangHong , age=23;
1
Name = NoName , age=0
count=5;

运行代码如下:

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
class Student {
private:
	int age;
	string name;
public:
	static int count;
	Student(int m, string n) {
		age = m; name = n; count++;
	}
	Student() { age = 0; name = "NoName"; count++; }
	~Student() { count--; }
	void Print() {
		cout << count << endl;
		cout << "Name = " << name << " , age = " << age << endl;
	}
};
int Student::count = 0;
int main() {
	cout << "cout=" << Student::count << endl;
	Student s1, * p = new Student(23, "ZhangHong");
	s1.Print();
	p->Print();
	delete p;
	s1.Print();
	Student Stu[4];
	cout << "cout=" << Student::count << endl;
	return 0;
}

第五章

编程题1、
定义一个三维空间坐标的点，并重载下列运算符，主函数定义类对象并调用重载的运算符
（1）插入运算符<<，按（x，y，z）格式输出该点坐标（坐标为整型）。
（2）关系运算符>，如果A点到原点（0，0，0）的距离大于B点到原点的距离，则A>B为真，否则为假。

代码编写如下

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point {
private:
	int X, Y, Z;
public:
	Point() { X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0; }
	Point(int x, int y, int z) { X = x; Y = y; Z = z; }
	friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const Point& p);
	bool operator >(const Point& p);
};
bool Point::operator>(const Point& p) {
	if (X * X + Y * Y + Z * Z > p.X * p.X + p.Y * p.Y + p.Z * p.Z) {
		return true;
	}
	else {
		return false;
	}
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream& out, const Point& p) {
	out << "(" << p.X << "," << p.Y << "," << p.Z << ")";
	out << endl;
	return out;
}
int main() {
	Point A(10, 10, 10);
	Point B(2, 2, 2);
	if (A > B) {
		cout << "A>B" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "A<=B" << endl;
	}
	cout << "Point A:" << A << endl;
	cout << "Point B:" << B << endl;
	return 0;
}

编程题2、
设计一个矩阵类，要求在矩阵类中重载运算符加（+）、减（-）、乘（*）、赋值（=）和加赋值（+=），主函数定义类对象并调用重载的运算符

代码编写如下：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Matrix {
private:
	double width, length;
public:
	Matrix() { width = 0; length = 0; }
	Matrix(double w, double l) { width = w; length = l; }
	Matrix& operator = (const Matrix& m);
	Matrix& operator +=(const Matrix& m);
	Matrix operator +(const Matrix& m);
	Matrix operator -(const Matrix& m);
	Matrix operator *(const Matrix& m);
	void Print();
};
Matrix& Matrix::operator = (const Matrix& m) {
	width = m.width;length = m.length;
	return *this;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator+=(const Matrix& m) {
	width += m.width;
	length += m.length;
	return *this;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator + (const Matrix& m) {
	Matrix result;
	result.width = width + m.width;
	result.length = length + m.length;
	return result;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator-(const Matrix& m) {
	Matrix result;
	result.width = abs(width - m.width);
	result.length = abs(length - m.length);
	return result;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator*(const Matrix& m) {
	Matrix result;
	result.width = width * m.width;
	result.length = length * m.length;
	return result;
}
void Matrix::Print() {
	cout << "width is : " << width << " , length is : " << length << endl;
}
int main() {
	Matrix m1(10, 10), m2(5, 5),m3;

	cout << "m1 : ";
	m1.Print();
	cout << "m2 : ";
	m2.Print();

	cout << "m3 = m1 : ";
	m3 = m1;
	m3.Print();

	cout << "m1 + m2 : ";
	m3 = m1 + m2;
	m3.Print();

	cout << "m1 - m2 : ";
	m3 = m1 - m2;
	m3.Print();

	cout << "m1 * m2 : ";
	m3 = m1 * m2;
	m3.Print();

	cout << "m2 += m1 : ";
	m2 += m1;
	m2.Print();

}