Spring学习之旅(八) Spring Security的使用

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-16 07:47:25 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-05-16 07:47:25 发布

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分类专栏： Java web 文章标签： spring mvc spring security

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yjp19871013/article/details/53894260

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辛苦堆砌，转载请注明出处，谢谢！

之前的User校验我们自己通过比较用户名和密码来完成，这样可能存在一些安全隐患，还需要自己处理Session的问题。本篇文章使用Spring Security进行安全校验，对项目进行重构。

Spring Security是Spring实现的安全框架，可以对请求和方法进行安全保护，Spring Security根本上是一套Filter链，当配置使用Spring Security时，Spring会向项目中添加Filter，从而对请求进行拦截，并进行必要的安全校验。

首先，为了让Spring支持Spring Security，需要添加必要的依赖，这是因为Spring Security不属于Spring Framework，是一个独立的项目。

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
	<version>${spring-security-web.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
	<version>${spring-security-web.version}</version>
</dependency>

然后，创建如下的类

package com.yjp.springmvc.blog.config;

import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;

public class SecurityWebInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {
}

该类派生自AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer，这样，当启用Spring Security时，会加入安全校验需要的Filter链。最后，启用Spring Security，并配置拦截规则和用户数据源

package com.yjp.springmvc.blog.config;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
	
	@Autowired
	private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
	
	@Override
	protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		//配置拦截规则
		http
			.formLogin()
				.loginPage("/login")
				.failureUrl("/loginError")
			.and()
			.logout()
				.logoutSuccessUrl("/login")
			.and()
			.authorizeRequests()
				.antMatchers("/").authenticated()
				.antMatchers("/**").permitAll();
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) 
			throws Exception {
		auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService);
	}
}

我们派生了WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter类，并重新实现了两个方法，其中，configure以HttpSecurity为参数的方法，用来定制拦截规则，我们这里拦截"/"请求，其他请求放行，然后通过表单认证，认证表单为login，验证失败进入loginError请求，注销时，默认会进入logout请求，注销成功跳转到login请求。通过 configure以AuthenticationManagerBuilder为参数的方法，我们返回数据源，数据源Spring会从UserDetailsService获取。记得将该配置类引入到RootConfig中。

下面调整我们之前的项目，删除LoginController，创建SecurityController

package com.yjp.springmvc.blog.web.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
public class SecurityController {
	
	@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET, value="/login")
	public String login(String error) {
		return "login";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET, value="/loginError")
	public String loginError(Model model) {
		model.addAttribute("error", "用户名或密码错误");
		return "login";
	}
}

主要用来处理login流程的请求，将请求与对应的视图挂钩，看看login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
	<title>简微</title>
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="resources/css/login.css">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="resources/css/error.css">
</head>
<body>
	<div class="loginPanel">
	    <div>
	        <img src="resources/images/logo.png" alt="简微"/>
	    </div>
	    <form method="post" action="login">
	        <table>
	            <tr>
	                <td colspan="2" align="center" style="font-weight:bold">会员登录</td>
	            </tr>
	            <tr>
	                <td>名称：</td>
	                <td><input type="text" name="username"/></td>
	            </tr>
	            <tr>
	                <td>密码：</td>
	                <td><input type="password" name="password"/></td>
	            </tr>
	            <tr>
	        		<td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="error">${error}</span></td>
	        	</tr>
	            <tr>
	                <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="登入"></td>
	            </tr>
            	<tr>
            		<td align="center"><a href="registerPage">注册</a></td>
                	<td align="center"><a href="forgotPage">忘记密码？</a></td>
            	</tr>
	        </table>
	        <input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}" value="${_csrf.token}"/>
	    </form>
    </div>
    <div>
        <h1>简微</h1>
        <ul>
	        <li>说你想说</li>
	        <li>看你想看</li>
	        <li>就这么简单</li>
    	</ul>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

删除了之前用Spring标签库做的内容，表单发送POST请求到login，这里千万注意，我们拦截规则的formPage中的/login是GET请求，会发送到我们的SecurityController处理，然后返回login.jsp视图，而视图表单中的login是POST给Spring Security处理的，会完成及鉴权相关的工作。另外，编单中添加了一个

<input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}" value="${_csrf.token}"/>

这个是防止CSRF攻击的，Spring Security要求要有这个表单域。这样，如果我们输入的用户名密码与数据源比较通过校验，就会进入"/"请求，我们在HomeController中处理该请求

package com.yjp.springmvc.blog.web.controller;

import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
public class HomeController {
	@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET, value="/")
	public String home(Model model) {
		//通过Spring Security获取当前的用户
		UserDetails userDetails = (UserDetails) SecurityContextHolder.getContext()
			    .getAuthentication()
			    .getPrincipal();
		
		model.addAttribute("username", userDetails.getUsername());
		return "home";
	}
}

该请求会跳转到home.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>
<!DOCTYPE html">
<html>
<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
	<title>简微</title>
	<link rel="stylesheet" href="resources/css/home.css" type="text/css">
</head>
<body>
	<div class="leftPanel">
		<img src="resources/images/logo.png" alt="简微" /><br><br>
		<form method="post" action="logout" style="">
			<input type="hidden" name="${_csrf.parameterName}" value="${_csrf.token}"/>
			<button type="submit">注销 ${username}</button>
		</form>
	</div>
	
	<form method="post" action="message">
		说说你的事...<br><br>
        <textarea cols='60' rows='4' name='blabla'></textarea><br><br>
		<button type="submit">送出</button>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

这里的home.jsp我们已经完成了注销功能，注意有一个发送POST logout请求的表单，这个同样的道理，注销流程会交给Spring Security处理，主要是清除及鉴权相关的数据。

最后，由于我们要给鉴权提供数据源，持久层做了相应的改动，首先看看UserService

package com.yjp.springmvc.blog.beans.service;

import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;

import com.yjp.springmvc.blog.beans.model.User;

public interface UserService extends UserDetailsService {
	boolean saveUser(User user);
}

package com.yjp.springmvc.blog.beans.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.yjp.springmvc.blog.beans.model.User;
import com.yjp.springmvc.blog.beans.repository.UserRepository;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
	
	@Autowired
	private UserRepository userRepository;
	
	@Override
	public boolean saveUser(User user) {
		User saveUser = userRepository.save(user);
		return saveUser != null;
	}

	@Override
	public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) 
			throws UsernameNotFoundException {
		UserDetails findUser = 
				userRepository.findUserByUsername(username);
		if (findUser != null) {
			return findUser;
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}
}

UserService实现了UserDetailsService接口，用来提供数据源，我们的数据源就是User对象，但是User对象实现了UserDetails接口

package com.yjp.springmvc.blog.beans.model;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

@Entity
@Table(name="users")
public class User implements Serializable, UserDetails {
			
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 9038460243059691075L;
	
	@Id
	@GenericGenerator(strategy = "assigned", name = "username")
	private String username;
	
	@Column
	private String password;
	
	@Column
	private String email;
	
	public User() {}
	
	public User(String username, String password, String email) {
		this.username = username;
		this.password = password;
		this.email = email;
	}

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}
	
	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	@Override
	public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
		//返回用户权限
		return Arrays.asList(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("USER"));
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
		//账户是否会过期
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
		//用户是否被锁定
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
		//密码是否会过期
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isEnabled() {
		//用户是否使能
		return true;
	}

}

UserDetails接口的方法已经添加注释，可以酌情修改。这样就完成了Spring Security的配置，并将其使用在了我们的项目中。