mycat+mysql集群:实现读写分离，分库分表

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-24 00:45:48 发布

ykingor

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-24 00:45:48 发布

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分类专栏：数据库中间件（mycat）关系型数据库（mysql）

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1.mycat文档：https://github.com/MyCATApache/Mycat-doc
官方网站：http://www.mycat.org.cn/
2.mycat的优点：

配置简单，灵活
可实现读写分离
可利用多种规则实现分库分表
心跳机制，自动踢出故障机组
免费开源，长期维护，社区活跃

mycat的缺点：

主要是分片之后有一些限制，如只能2表join

3.架构图：可实现读写分离，分库分表

4.所需软件，机器配置与ip地址

名称	版本	下载地址
mysql server	mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.27, for Linux (x86_64)	yum源安装，yum源地址：http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm
mycat	1.3.0.3	https://github.com/MyCATApache/Mycat-download/blob/master/1.3.0.3-release/Mycat-server-1.3.0.3-release-20150527095523-linux.tar.gz
keepalived		http://www.keepalived.org/download.html

机器名	ip地址	配置	用途
mycat1	192.168.2.155/192.168.10.30	4G,4C	mycat+keepalived (主)
mycat2	192.168.2.156/192.168.10.31	4G,4C	mycat+keepalived (备)
db1	192.168.10.155	8G,4C	mysql master1
db2	192.168.10.156	8G,4C	mysql master2
db3	192.168.10.157	8G,4C	mysql slave1

5.安装，配置mysql server

获取官方yum源： wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm

安装源：yum install mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm

默认yum安装的是5.7,我们修改yum源，下载5.6的mysql server

进入yum源配置文件：cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

找到并编辑：vim mysql-community.repo

找到下面这些内容：enabled=1就是可用,把[mysql56-community]段的enabled=0改为enabled=1,相应的把[mysql57-community]段的改为0，保存退出

                # Enable to use MySQL 5.6
                [mysql56-community]
                name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
                baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
                enabled=0
                gpgcheck=1
                gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

                [mysql57-community]
                name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
                baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
                enabled=1
                gpgcheck=1
                gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

查找安装包（会更新源，时间几分钟，看你的网速咯）：yum list |grep mysql

如果顺利就会看到这一行：mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.6.27-2.el6

没错就是它，安装：yum install -y mysql-community-server.x86_6

启动（这一步会自动初始化一些内容）：service mysqld start

修改root密码：mysqladmin -uroot --password ‘xxxxx’

修改配置文件，我测试时候的配置文件：

db1：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8

back_log=1024
max_connections = 10000
max_connect_errors = 1000
read_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size = 64M
key_buffer_size=400M
max_allowed_packet=128M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
query_cache_size = 0
#init_connect='SET autocommit=0'
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#replication setting
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
binlog-do-db=33hao
binlog-do-db=jaydb
binlog-do-db=sbtest
binlog-do-db=shopnc
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
log-slave-updates=1
master-info-repository=table
relay-log-info-repository=table
relay-log-recovery=1
#for mmm setting
#read_only=1
#general log
general_log=1
general_log_file=/var/log/mysql/mysql-row.log
#no lower_case
lower_case_table_names = 1
#slow log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=2
log-queries-not-using-indexes
#default timestamp
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

db2：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8

back_log=1024
max_connections = 10000
max_connect_errors = 1000
read_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size = 64M
key_buffer_size=400M
max_allowed_packet=128M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
query_cache_size = 0
#init_connect='SET autocommit=0'
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#replication setting
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
binlog-do-db=33hao
binlog-do-db=jaydb
binlog-do-db=sbtest
binlog-do-db=shopnc
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
log_slave_updates=1
master-info-repository=table
relay-log-info-repository=table
relay-log-recovery=1
#for mmm setting
#read_only=1
#general log
general_log=1
general_log_file=/var/log/mysql/mysql-row.log
#no lower_case
lower_case_table_names = 1
#slow log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=2
log-queries-not-using-indexes
#default timestamp
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

db3：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8

back_log=1024
max_connections = 10000
max_connect_errors = 1000
read_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size = 64M
key_buffer_size=400M
max_allowed_packet=128M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
query_cache_size = 0
#init_connect='SET autocommit=0'
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#replication setting
server-id=3
#log-bin=mysql-bin
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
binlog-do-db=33hao
binlog-do-db=jaydb
binlog-do-db=sbtest
binlog-do-db=shopnc
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
master-info-repository=table
relay-log-info-repository=table
relay-log-recovery=1
#for mmm setting
#read_only=1
#general log
general_log=1
general_log_file=/var/log/mysql/mysql-row.log
#no lower_case
lower_case_table_names = 1
#slow log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=2
log-queries-not-using-indexes
#default timestamp
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

6.从最上面的架构图中可以看出，这里只有一个主主（db1,db2），一个主从（db1,db3），下面分别配置主主，主从

7.mysql主主复制配置

(1)分别编辑db1，db2配置文件，把第5步相应的内容复制到/etc/my.cnf中
(2)接下来手动同步数据
(3)mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
(4)不要退出终端，另外开一个，用mysqldump工具导出所有数据库数据，到db2数据库中
(5)在db1(192.168.10.155)的mysql上授权：grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.10.156' identified by 'repl_password';
(6)查看db1的master状态，设置从(db2机器的mysql)的时候需要

                mysql> show master status;
                +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
                | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
                +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
                | mysql-bin.000001 |      336 |              |                  |                   |
                +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
(7)在db2中设置master参数,(master_log_file,master_log_pos,都来自上一步)
                mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.10.156', master_user='repl_user',master_password='repl_passwd',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=336;
(8)启动db2从的复制
                mysql>slave start;
(9)查看从的状态
                mysql>show slave status\G;
                Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
                看到这几行说明复制成功。
(10)把db1设置为db2的从
                方法同上，重复(5)-(9),只是把db1和db2，相应的IP地址互换即可，注意重复第(7)的时候master_log_file,master_log_pos是db2的master status了。

8.把db3(192.168.10.157)设置为db1的从

方法通与7步类似，重复其中的(1)-(7)步，只是把db2和192.168.10.156换成db3和192.168.10.157。

9.至此，mysql的设置全部完成。

10.下载，安装mycat

wget https://github.com/MyCATApache/Mycat-download/blob/master/1.3.0.3-release/Mycat-server-1.3.0.3-release-20150527095523-linux.tar.gz

tar -zxf Mycat-server-1.3.0.3-release-20150527095523-linux.tar.gz

解压完成就可以使用，建议把解压后的文件夹放在/opt下，并建立mycat的软连接（ln -s “解压出来的文件夹” mycat），方便以后升级，维护。

11.配置mycat/conf/schema.xml

(1)在这里，我对33hao数据库实现读写分离
(2)对sbtest数据库所有表实现，读写不分离（当然，也可以针对某一张表，这种设置应对读写实时要求很高的情况，即单表或单库读写不分离）
(3)对transdb数据库的表实现分片，users表不分片（type="global"）提高join效率，orders表，用id通过mod-log规则分片（primaryKey="id" rule="mod-long"）

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/">

   <schema name="33hao" checkSQLschema="false" dataNode="dn1">
   </schema>
   <schema name="sbtest" checkSQLschema="false" dataNode="dn2">
   </schema>
   <schema name="jaydb" checkSQLschema="false" dataNode="dn3">
   </schema>
   <schema name="transdb" checkSQLschema="false">
       <table name="users" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="dn4,dn5,dn6" />

                
           <table name="orders" primaryKey="id" rule="mod-long" dataNode="dn4,dn5,dn6" />
   </schema>
   <schema name="shopnc" checkSQLschema="false" dataNode="dn7">
   </schema>
   <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="33hao" />
   <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost2" database="sbtest" />
   <dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="jaydb" />
   <dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="localhost4" database="transdb" />
   <dataNode name="dn5" dataHost="localhost5" database="transdb" />
   <dataNode name="dn6" dataHost="localhost6" database="transdb" />
   <dataNode name="dn7" dataHost="localhost1" database="shopnc" />

   <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="100000" minCon="10" balance="1"
       writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
       <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
       
       <writeHost host="hostM1" url="db1:3306" user="root"
           password="123456">
           
           <readHost host="hostS1" url="db3:3306" user="root" password="123456"/>
           <readHost host="hostS2" url="db2:3306" user="root" password="123456"/>
       </writeHost>
       <writeHost host="hostM2" url="db2:3306" user="root"
           password="123456">
           
       </writeHost>
       
   </dataHost>
   <dataHost name="localhost2" maxCon="100000" minCon="10" balance="1"
       writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
       <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
       
       <writeHost host="hostM1" url="db1:3306" user="root"
           password="123456">
       </writeHost>
   </dataHost>
   <dataHost name="localhost4" maxCon="100000" minCon="10" balance="0"
       writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
       <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
       
       <writeHost host="hostM1" url="db1:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writeHost>
   </dataHost>
   <dataHost name="localhost5" maxCon="100000" minCon="10" balance="0"
       writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
       <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
       
       <writeHost host="hostM2" url="db2:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writeHost>
   </dataHost>
   <dataHost name="localhost6" maxCon="100000" minCon="10" balance="0"
       writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
       <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
       
       <writeHost host="hostS1" url="db3:3306" user="root" password="123456"></writeHost>
   </dataHost>

12.设置mycat/conf/server.xml

这里是针对mycat的设置，如外部访问mycat的端口，用户名，密码，mycat的数据库有哪些等

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/">
        <system>
        <property name="defaultSqlParser">druidparser</property>
              <property name="processors">32</property>
              <property name="processorExecutor">32</property>
              <property name="serverPort">3306</property>
              <property name="managerPort">9066</property>

        </system>
        <user name="root">
                <property name="password">123456</property>
                <property name="schemas">33hao,sbtest,jaydb,transdb,shopnc</property>
        </user>
</mycat:server>
13.启动mycat

/opt/mycat/bin/mycat start

14.连接mycat

和连接mysql方法一样，如果连接不上，看看是否在没个节点上都授予了mycat机器通过root/123456（在schema.xml中配置的）的方式访问：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306

15.测试mycat

我开起了general_log，数据库任何操作都会被记录，依次打开三个db1 db2 db3的日志：tail -f /var/log/mysql/mysql-row.log
透过mycat连接数据库 mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306
在相应的数据库中执行操作，并观察日志。
比如对33hao的写总是在db1上，然后replication到db2，db3，如果db1宕机，写总是在db2上，db1恢复后，db2不会被抢占写的角色。读在db2，db3上随机执行。
而transdb的orders表被均匀地复制到db1，db2，db3的transdb的orders表中，users则在所有mysql（这里为db1,db2,db3）中保存副本（因为在schema.xml中设置为：type="global"）。

ykingor

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mycat+mysql集群:实现读写分离，分库分表

1.mycat文档：https://github.com/MyCATApache/Mycat-doc 官方网站：http://www.mycat.org.cn/2.mycat的优点：配置简单，灵活可实现读写分离可利用多种规则实现分库分表心跳机制，自动踢出故障机组免费开源，长期维护，社区活跃 mycat的缺点：主要是分片之后有一些限制，如只能2表join
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