11.Javascript设计模式之享元模式----Flyweight
GOF:运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。
享元模式概念解释
享元模式:也就是说在一个系统中如果有多个相同的对象,那么只共享一份就可以了,不必每个都去实例化一个对象。 比如说(这里引用GOF书中的例子)一个文本系统,每个字母定一个对象,那么大小写字母一共就是52个,那么就要定义52个对象。 如果有一个1M的文本,那么字母是何其的多,如果每个字母都定义一个对象那么内存早就爆了。 那么如果要是每个字母都共享一个对象,那么就大大节约了资源。
在Flyweight模式中,由于要产生各种各样的对象,所以在Flyweight(享元)模式中常出现Factory模式。 Flyweight的内部状态是用来共享的,Flyweight factory负责维护一个对象存储池(Flyweight Pool)来存放内部状态的对象。 Flyweight模式是一个提高程序效率和性能的模式,会大大加快程序的运行速度.应用场合很多。
享元模式示例
下面列举一个小汽车注册的例子。
非最优化的设计方式
var Car = function(make, model, year, owner, tag, renewDate) { this.make = make; this.model = model; this.year = year; this.owner = owner; this.tag = tag; this.renewDate = renewDate; }; Car.prototype = { getMake: function() { return this.make; }, getModel: function() { return this.model; }, getYear: function() { return this.year; }, transferOwnership: function(newOwner, newTag, newRenewDate) { this.owner = newOwner; this.tag = newTag; this.renewDate = newRenewDate; }, renewRegistration: function(newRenewDate) { this.renewDate = newRenewDate; }, isRegistrationCurrent: function() { var today = new Date(); return today.getTime() < Date.parse(this.renewDate); } };
在短时间内,这个注册系统能够进行正常工作,但是,当你所在的城市的人群逐渐增多,你会意识到这个系统会运行得越来越慢。 成千上万的小汽车对象已经溢出了系统的可用资源,为了优化这个系统,使其长期稳定运行,我们需要借助享元模式。
使用享元模式
第一.定义Car类
var Car = function(make, model, year) { this.make = make; this.model = model; this.year = year; }; Car.prototype = { getMake: function() { return this.make; }, getModel: function() { return this.model; }, getYear: function() { return this.year; } };
第二.定义CarFactory
/* CarFactory singleton. */ var CarFactory = (function() { var createdCars = {}; return { createCar: function(make, model, year) { // Check to see if this particular combination has been created before. if(createdCars[make + '-' + model + '-' + year]) { return createdCars[make + '-' + model + '-' + year]; } // Otherwise create a new instance and save it. else { var car = new Car(make, model, year); createdCars[make + '-' + model + '-' + year] = car; return car; } } }; })();
第三.定义一个CarRecordManager
/* CarRecordManager singleton. */ var CarRecordManager = (function() { var carRecordDatabase = {}; return { // Add a new car record into the city's system. addCarRecord: function(make, model, year, owner, tag, renewDate) { var car = CarFactory.createCar(make, model, year); carRecordDatabase[tag] = { owner: owner, renewDate: renewDate, car: car }; }, // Methods previously contained in the Car class. transferOwnership: function(tag, newOwner, newTag, newRenewDate) { var record = carRecordDatabase[tag]; record.owner = newOwner; record.tag = newTag; record.renewDate = newRenewDate; }, renewRegistration: function(tag, newRenewDate) { carRecordDatabase[tag].renewDate = newRenewDate; }, isRegistrationCurrent: function(tag) { var today = new Date(); return today.getTime() < Date.parse(carRecordDatabase[tag].renewDate); } }; })();
这个估计得花点儿时间才能理解了,So do I...