从源码理解WeakHashMap.java

package java.util;


import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Consumer;


/**
 * 基于Map接口的弱关键字(weak keys)散列表实现。存储的内容也是键值对(key-value)映射,而且键和值都可以是null。
 * 当某个关键字不再被引用的时候,WeakHashMap会自动删除该关键字对应的Entry。
 * 对于一个给定的键,其映射的存在并不阻止垃圾回收器对该键的丢弃,这就使该键成为可终止的,并被终止,然后被回收。
 * 某个键被终止时,它对应的键值对也就从映射中有效移除了。所以这个类的表现行为不同于其他Map接口的实现类。
 * WeakHashMap类与HashMap类有类似的字符串性能,同样性能由两个参数影响:初始容量initial capacity和装载因子load factor。
 * 
 * 和HashMap一样,WeakHashMap是不同步的。可以使用Collections.synchronizedMap方法来构造同步的WeakHashMap。
 * 
 * WeakHashMap类最初是用==操作符来调用Key对象的equals函数测试对象相等。
 * WeakHashMap对于equals方法不是基于对象相等的关键字对象也能很好的工作,比如String实例。
 * 然而,对于这样可重新创建的关键字对象,从WeakHashMap中移除被丢弃的关键字对应的Entry这样的原子操作可能会产生混淆。
 * WeakHashMap的行为多少会依赖垃圾收集器的行为,所以一些常用的Map约束并不适用于这个类。因为垃圾收集器会随时丢弃关键字。
 * 一个WeakHashMap实例可能表现的好像有一个未知的线程安静地删除Entry。即使是同步synchronized修饰后,也还是会随着时间删除关键字。
 * 
 * WeakHashMap中的关键字对象都是弱键的引用对象。当一个关键字只被弱引用时,不论是Map内部还是外部的弱引用,都会被垃圾收集器自动移除。
 * 注意:WeakHashMap的值对象是普通的强引用。要注意不要让值对象强引用到自身的关键字上,直接或间接都不行,这样会阻止关键字的回收。
 * 值引用可能会间接引用到WeakHashMap本身的关键字,所以在添加键值对的方式最好是:m.put(key, new WeakReference(value))
 * 然后每次get操作之后再拆解掉WeakReference。
 * 
 * iterator返回的迭代器是fail-fast的。
 */
/**
 * WeakHashMap继承于AbstractMap,实现了Map接口。WeakHashMap的键是弱键。
 * 弱键的原理是通过WeakReference和ReferenceQueue实现的。WeakHashMap的Key是WeakReference类型的。
 * ReferenceQueue是一个队列,它会保存被GC回收的弱键。实现步骤是:
 * 1)新建WeakHashMap,将键值对添加到WeakHashMap中。实际上,WeakHashMap是通过数组table保存Entry,每个Entry是一个单向键值对链表。
 * 2)当某弱键不再被其他对象引用,并被GC回收时,在GC回收该弱键时,这个弱键也同时会被添加到ReferenceQueue(Queue)队列中。
 * 3)当下一次需要操作WeakHashMap时,会先同步table和Queue。table中保存了全部的键值对,而Queue中保存了被GC回收的键值对;同步它们,就是删除table中被GC回收的键值对。
 * 这就是弱键如何被自动从WeakHashMap中删除的步骤了。
 */
public class WeakHashMap<K,V>
    extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V> {


    /**
     * 默认初始容量 -- 必须是2的次幂
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;


    /**
     * 最大容量,必须是小于1<<30的2的次幂
     */
    private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;


    /**
     * 默认装载因子
     */
    private static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;


    /**
     * table数组,必要时会改变大小,但长度必须是2的次幂
     */
    Entry<K,V>[] table;


    /**
     * WeakHashMap中键值对的数目
     */
    private int size;


    /**
     * 更改大小时下一个数组大小(容量*装载因子)
     */
    private int threshold;


    /**
     * 哈希表的装载因子
     */
    private final float loadFactor;


    /**
     * 已经被GC清除的弱引用键值对(WeakEntry)的引用队列
     */
    private final ReferenceQueue<Object> queue = new ReferenceQueue<>();


    /**
     * WeakHashMap的结构更改次数。用于fail-fast
     */
    int modCount;
    //创建Entry数组table
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private Entry<K,V>[] newTable(int n) {
        return (Entry<K,V>[]) new Entry<?,?>[n];
    }


    /**
     * 构造函数1:指定容量大小和加载因子的构造函数
     */
    public WeakHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Initial Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;


        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load factor: "+
                                               loadFactor);
        int capacity = 1;
        while (capacity < initialCapacity)
            capacity <<= 1;
        table = newTable(capacity);
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        threshold = (int)(capacity * loadFactor);
    }


    /**
     * 构造函数2:指定容量大小构造函数,默认装载因子
     * @param  initialCapacity The initial capacity of the <tt>WeakHashMap</tt>
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
     */
    public WeakHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }


    /**
     * 构造函数3:默认容量和默认装载因子
     */
    public WeakHashMap() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }


    /**
     * 构造函数4:根据指定Map中的键值对构造WeakHashMap,默认装载因子,初始容量为能容纳Map中关键字为准
     * @param   m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
     * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null
     */
    public WeakHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
                DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY),
             DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
        putAll(m);
    }


    // 内部工具函数
    /**
     * 用于table内部表示空关键字的值对象NULL_KEY
     */
    private static final Object NULL_KEY = new Object();


    /**
     * 如果关键字为null,使用NULL_KEY替换
     */
    private static Object maskNull(Object key) {
        return (key == null) ? NULL_KEY : key;
    }


    /**
     * 将空关键字的内部表示转换为null
     */
    static Object unmaskNull(Object key) {
        return (key == NULL_KEY) ? null : key;
    }


    /**
     * 验证非空引用x和可能为空的引用y之间的相等性,默认使用equals方法
     */
    private static boolean eq(Object x, Object y) {
        return x == y || x.equals(y);
    }


    /**
     * 返回对象的哈希值
     */
    final int hash(Object k) {
        int h = k.hashCode();
        
        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
    }


    /**
     * 指定哈希值的下标
     */
    private static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
        return h & (length-1);
    }


    /**
     * 从数组table中移除被丢弃的Entry
     * WeakHashMap进行增删改查时,都调用了expungeStaleEntries()方法
     */
    private void expungeStaleEntries() {
        for (Object x; (x = queue.poll()) != null; ) {
            synchronized (queue) {
            //e为要清理的对象
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                    Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>) x;
                int i = indexFor(e.hash, table.length);


                Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
                Entry<K,V> p = prev;
                //while循环遍历冲突链表
                while (p != null) {
                    Entry<K,V> next = p.next;
                    if (p == e) {
                    //如果e为链表第一个Entry
                        if (prev == e)
                            table[i] = next;
                        else
                        //不是第一个
                            prev.next = next;
                        // Must not null out e.next;
                        // stale entries may be in use by a HashIterator
                        //这里把value赋值为null,来帮助GC回收强引用的value
                        e.value = null; //help GC
                        size--;
                        break;
                    }
                    prev = p;
                    p = next;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * 先移除丢弃的Entry,然后返回数组table
     */
    private Entry<K,V>[] getTable() {
        expungeStaleEntries();
        return table;
    }


    /**
     * 返回Map中键值对的数目。返回之前先调用expungeStaleEntries()方法
     */
    public int size() {
        if (size == 0)
            return 0;
        expungeStaleEntries();
        return size;
    }


    /**
     * Map中不包含任何键值对时返回true
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size() == 0;
    }


    /**
     * 返回指定关键字的value值,不存在则返回null。
     */
    public V get(Object key) {
        Object k = maskNull(key);
        int h = hash(k);
        //getTable中调用了expungeStaleEntries()方法
        Entry<K,V>[] tab = getTable();
        int index = indexFor(h, tab.length);
        Entry<K,V> e = tab[index];
        while (e != null) {
            if (e.hash == h && eq(k, e.get()))//关键字的哈希值相同且值对象相等(eq方法返回true)
                return e.value;
            e = e.next;
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the
     * specified key.
     *
     * @param  key   The key whose presence in this map is to be tested
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if there is a mapping for <tt>key</tt>;
     *         <tt>false</tt> otherwise
     */
    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        return getEntry(key) != null;
    }


    /**
     * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in this map.
     * Returns null if the map contains no mapping for this key.
     */
    Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
        Object k = maskNull(key);
        int h = hash(k);
        //getTable方法中调用了expungeStaleEntries()清除掉丢弃的Entry
        Entry<K,V>[] tab = getTable(); 
        int index = indexFor(h, tab.length);
        Entry<K,V> e = tab[index];
        while (e != null && !(e.hash == h && eq(k, e.get())))
            e = e.next;
        return e;
    }


    /**
     * 将指定值和指定关键字关联起来
     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated.
     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key.
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
     */
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        Object k = maskNull(key);
        int h = hash(k);
        //getTable中调用了expungeStaleEntries()方法,更新了table数组
        Entry<K,V>[] tab = getTable();
        int i = indexFor(h, tab.length);
        //遍历冲突链,若找到相同Entry,则替换旧值
        for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (h == e.hash && eq(k, e.get())) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                if (value != oldValue)
                    e.value = value;
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        //若没有找到相同Entry,在链表开头插入新的Entry
        modCount++;
        Entry<K,V> e = tab[i];
        tab[i] = new Entry<>(k, value, queue, h, e);
        if (++size >= threshold)
            resize(tab.length * 2);
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * 将Map中的内容重新哈希到新的更大容量的数组中
     * 如果当前容量是MAXIMUM_CAPACITY,resize方法不会重新哈希,而是把阈值设置为Integer.MAX_VALUE
     * 可以防止之后再调用这个方法
     * @param newCapacity the new capacity, MUST be a power of two;
     *        must be greater than current capacity unless current
     *        capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY (in which case value
     *        is irrelevant).
     */
    void resize(int newCapacity) {
    //先调用expungeStaleEntries()删除已被GC清除的弱引用对象
        Entry<K,V>[] oldTable = getTable();
        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
        //已经达到最大容量
        if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return;
        }


        Entry<K,V>[] newTable = newTable(newCapacity);
        transfer(oldTable, newTable);
        table = newTable;


        /*
         * If ignoring null elements and processing ref queue caused massive
         * shrinkage, then restore old table.  This should be rare, but avoids
         * unbounded expansion of garbage-filled tables.
         */
        if (size >= threshold / 2) {
            threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
        } else {
            expungeStaleEntries();
            transfer(newTable, oldTable);
            table = oldTable;
        }
    }


    /** 将src中所有的Entry移动到dest数组中*/
    private void transfer(Entry<K,V>[] src, Entry<K,V>[] dest) {
        for (int j = 0; j < src.length; ++j) {
            Entry<K,V> e = src[j];
            src[j] = null;
            while (e != null) {
                Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
                Object key = e.get();
                if (key == null) {
                    e.next = null;  // Help GC
                    e.value = null; //  "   "
                    size--;
                } else {
                    int i = indexFor(e.hash, dest.length);
                    e.next = dest[i];
                    dest[i] = e;
                }
                e = next;
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
     * These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for any
     * of the keys currently in the specified map.
     *
     * @param m mappings to be stored in this map.
     * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null.
     */
    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();
        if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0)
            return;


        /*
         * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added
         * is greater than or equal to threshold.  This is conservative; the
         * obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this
         * condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity,
         * if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map.
         * By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself
         * to at most one extra resize.
         */
        if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {
            int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);
            if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
                targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
            int newCapacity = table.length;
            while (newCapacity < targetCapacity)
                newCapacity <<= 1;
            if (newCapacity > table.length)
                resize(newCapacity);
        }


        for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
            put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
    }


    /**
     * 如果存在,删除指定关键字对应的Entry对象
     * @param key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>
     */
    public V remove(Object key) {
        Object k = maskNull(key);
        int h = hash(k);
        Entry<K,V>[] tab = getTable();
        int i = indexFor(h, tab.length);
        Entry<K,V> prev = tab[i];
        Entry<K,V> e = prev;


        while (e != null) {
            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
            if (h == e.hash && eq(k, e.get())) {
                modCount++;
                size--;
                if (prev == e)
                    tab[i] = next;
                else
                    prev.next = next;
                return e.value;
            }
            prev = e;
            e = next;
        }


        return null;
    }


    /** Special version of remove needed by Entry set */
    boolean removeMapping(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
            return false;
        Entry<K,V>[] tab = getTable();
        Map.Entry<?,?> entry = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
        Object k = maskNull(entry.getKey());
        int h = hash(k);
        int i = indexFor(h, tab.length);
        Entry<K,V> prev = tab[i];
        Entry<K,V> e = prev;


        while (e != null) {
            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
            if (h == e.hash && e.equals(entry)) {
                modCount++;
                size--;
                if (prev == e)
                    tab[i] = next;
                else
                    prev.next = next;
                return true;
            }
            prev = e;
            e = next;
        }


        return false;
    }


    /**
     * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
     * The map will be empty after this call returns.
     */
    public void clear() {
        // clear out ref queue. We don't need to expunge entries
        // since table is getting cleared.
    //清空弱引用队列
        while (queue.poll() != null)
            ;


        modCount++;
        Arrays.fill(table, null);
        size = 0;


        // Allocation of array may have caused GC, which may have caused
        // additional entries to go stale.  Removing these entries from the
        // reference queue will make them eligible for reclamation.
        //清空完数组后,需要再清空一次引用队列
        while (queue.poll() != null)
            ;
    }


    /**
     * 如果Map中包含指定value值的Entry,返回true
     * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
     *         specified value
     */
    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
        if (value==null)
            return containsNullValue();


        Entry<K,V>[] tab = getTable();
        for (int i = tab.length; i-- > 0;)
            for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
                if (value.equals(e.value))
                    return true;
        return false;
    }


    /**
     * 是否包含空值,true为包含
     */
    private boolean containsNullValue() {
        Entry<K,V>[] tab = getTable();
        for (int i = tab.length; i-- > 0;)
            for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
                if (e.value==null)
                    return true;
        return false;
    }


    /**
     * 哈希表中的Entry继承自WeakReference,使用ref字段作为关键字
     * WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V>中并没有保存Key,只是将Key与ReferenceQueue关联上了。
     */
    private static class Entry<K,V> extends WeakReference<Object> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        V value;
        final int hash;
        Entry<K,V> next;


        /**
         * 创建新的Entry
         */
        Entry(Object key, V value,
              ReferenceQueue<Object> queue,
              int hash, Entry<K,V> next) {
            super(key, queue); //指定当前Entry对象的ReferenceQueue
            this.value = value;
            this.hash  = hash;
            this.next  = next;
        }


        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public K getKey() {
            return (K) WeakHashMap.unmaskNull(get());
        }


        public V getValue() {
            return value;
        }


        public V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = value;
            value = newValue;
            return oldValue;
        }
        //判断对象相等
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
                return false;
            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
            K k1 = getKey();
            Object k2 = e.getKey();
            if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
                V v1 = getValue();
                Object v2 = e.getValue();
                if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }


        public int hashCode() {
            K k = getKey();
            V v = getValue();
            return Objects.hashCode(k) ^ Objects.hashCode(v);
        }


        public String toString() {
            return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
        }
    }


    private abstract class HashIterator<T> implements Iterator<T> {
        private int index;
        private Entry<K,V> entry = null;
        private Entry<K,V> lastReturned = null;
        private int expectedModCount = modCount;


        /**
         * 为了防止hasNext和next操作之间有关键字消失,这里nextKey是强引用
         */
        private Object nextKey = null;


        /**
         * 强引用,防止在nextEntry和Entry的其他使用阶段发生关键字消失
         */
        private Object currentKey = null;


        HashIterator() {
            index = isEmpty() ? 0 : table.length;
        }


        public boolean hasNext() {
            Entry<K,V>[] t = table;


            while (nextKey == null) {
                Entry<K,V> e = entry;
                int i = index;
                while (e == null && i > 0)
                    e = t[--i];
                entry = e;
                index = i;
                if (e == null) {
                    currentKey = null;
                    return false;
                }
                nextKey = e.get(); // hold on to key in strong ref
                if (nextKey == null)
                    entry = entry.next;
            }
            return true;
        }


        /** The common parts of next() across different types of iterators */
        protected Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            if (nextKey == null && !hasNext())
                throw new NoSuchElementException();


            lastReturned = entry;
            entry = entry.next;
            currentKey = nextKey;
            nextKey = null;
            return lastReturned;
        }


        public void remove() {
            if (lastReturned == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();


            WeakHashMap.this.remove(currentKey);
            expectedModCount = modCount;
            lastReturned = null;
            currentKey = null;
        }


    }


    private class ValueIterator extends HashIterator<V> {
        public V next() {
            return nextEntry().value;
        }
    }


    private class KeyIterator extends HashIterator<K> {
        public K next() {
            return nextEntry().getKey();
        }
    }


    private class EntryIterator extends HashIterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
            return nextEntry();
        }
    }


    // Views


    private transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null;


    /**
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of
     * the iteration are undefined.  The set supports element removal,
     * which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
     * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>,
     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt>
     * operations.  It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt>
     * operations.
     */
    public Set<K> keySet() {
        Set<K> ks = keySet;
        return (ks != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet()));
    }


    private class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
            return new KeyIterator();
        }


        public int size() {
            return WeakHashMap.this.size();
        }


        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return containsKey(o);
        }


        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            if (containsKey(o)) {
                WeakHashMap.this.remove(o);
                return true;
            }
            else
                return false;
        }


        public void clear() {
            WeakHashMap.this.clear();
        }


        public Spliterator<K> spliterator() {
            return new KeySpliterator<>(WeakHashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
     * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  If the map is
     * modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
     * (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation),
     * the results of the iteration are undefined.  The collection
     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
     * <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>,
     * <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not
     * support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
     */
    public Collection<V> values() {
        Collection<V> vs = values;
        return (vs != null) ? vs : (values = new Values());
    }


    private class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
        public Iterator<V> iterator() {
            return new ValueIterator();
        }


        public int size() {
            return WeakHashMap.this.size();
        }


        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return containsValue(o);
        }


        public void clear() {
            WeakHashMap.this.clear();
        }


        public Spliterator<V> spliterator() {
            return new ValueSpliterator<>(WeakHashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
     * <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the
     * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined.  The set
     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
     * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and
     * <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not support the
     * <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
     */
    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
        Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es = entrySet;
        return es != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
    }


    private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
            return new EntryIterator();
        }


        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
                return false;
            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
            Entry<K,V> candidate = getEntry(e.getKey());
            return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);
        }


        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            return removeMapping(o);
        }


        public int size() {
            return WeakHashMap.this.size();
        }


        public void clear() {
            WeakHashMap.this.clear();
        }


        private List<Map.Entry<K,V>> deepCopy() {
            List<Map.Entry<K,V>> list = new ArrayList<>(size());
            for (Map.Entry<K,V> e : this)
                list.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(e));
            return list;
        }


        public Object[] toArray() {
            return deepCopy().toArray();
        }


        public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
            return deepCopy().toArray(a);
        }


        public Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> spliterator() {
            return new EntrySpliterator<>(WeakHashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
        }
    }


    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        int expectedModCount = modCount;


        Entry<K, V>[] tab = getTable();
        for (Entry<K, V> entry : tab) {
            while (entry != null) {
                Object key = entry.get();
                if (key != null) {
                    action.accept((K)WeakHashMap.unmaskNull(key), entry.value);
                }
                entry = entry.next;


                if (expectedModCount != modCount) {
                    throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
                }
            }
        }
    }


    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(function);
        int expectedModCount = modCount;


        Entry<K, V>[] tab = getTable();;
        for (Entry<K, V> entry : tab) {
            while (entry != null) {
                Object key = entry.get();
                if (key != null) {
                    entry.value = function.apply((K)WeakHashMap.unmaskNull(key), entry.value);
                }
                entry = entry.next;


                if (expectedModCount != modCount) {
                    throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
                }
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * 和其他哈希Spliterators类似,只是跳过了已删除元素
     */
    static class WeakHashMapSpliterator<K,V> {
        final WeakHashMap<K,V> map;
        WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V> current; // current node
        int index;             // current index, modified on advance/split
        int fence;             // -1 until first use; then one past last index
        int est;               // size estimate
        int expectedModCount;  // for comodification checks


        WeakHashMapSpliterator(WeakHashMap<K,V> m, int origin,
                               int fence, int est,
                               int expectedModCount) {
            this.map = m;
            this.index = origin;
            this.fence = fence;
            this.est = est;
            this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount;
        }


        final int getFence() { // initialize fence and size on first use
            int hi;
            if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
                WeakHashMap<K,V> m = map;
                est = m.size();
                expectedModCount = m.modCount;
                hi = fence = m.table.length;
            }
            return hi;
        }


        public final long estimateSize() {
            getFence(); // force init
            return (long) est;
        }
    }


    static final class KeySpliterator<K,V>
        extends WeakHashMapSpliterator<K,V>
        implements Spliterator<K> {
        KeySpliterator(WeakHashMap<K,V> m, int origin, int fence, int est,
                       int expectedModCount) {
            super(m, origin, fence, est, expectedModCount);
        }


        public KeySpliterator<K,V> trySplit() {
            int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
            return (lo >= mid) ? null :
                new KeySpliterator<K,V>(map, lo, index = mid, est >>>= 1,
                                        expectedModCount);
        }


        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super K> action) {
            int i, hi, mc;
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            WeakHashMap<K,V> m = map;
            WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V>[] tab = m.table;
            if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
                mc = expectedModCount = m.modCount;
                hi = fence = tab.length;
            }
            else
                mc = expectedModCount;
            if (tab.length >= hi && (i = index) >= 0 &&
                (i < (index = hi) || current != null)) {
                WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V> p = current;
                current = null; // exhaust
                do {
                    if (p == null)
                        p = tab[i++];
                    else {
                        Object x = p.get();
                        p = p.next;
                        if (x != null) {
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K k =
                                (K) WeakHashMap.unmaskNull(x);
                            action.accept(k);
                        }
                    }
                } while (p != null || i < hi);
            }
            if (m.modCount != mc)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }


        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super K> action) {
            int hi;
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V>[] tab = map.table;
            if (tab.length >= (hi = getFence()) && index >= 0) {
                while (current != null || index < hi) {
                    if (current == null)
                        current = tab[index++];
                    else {
                        Object x = current.get();
                        current = current.next;
                        if (x != null) {
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K k =
                                (K) WeakHashMap.unmaskNull(x);
                            action.accept(k);
                            if (map.modCount != expectedModCount)
                                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }


        public int characteristics() {
            return Spliterator.DISTINCT;
        }
    }


    static final class ValueSpliterator<K,V>
        extends WeakHashMapSpliterator<K,V>
        implements Spliterator<V> {
        ValueSpliterator(WeakHashMap<K,V> m, int origin, int fence, int est,
                         int expectedModCount) {
            super(m, origin, fence, est, expectedModCount);
        }


        public ValueSpliterator<K,V> trySplit() {
            int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
            return (lo >= mid) ? null :
                new ValueSpliterator<K,V>(map, lo, index = mid, est >>>= 1,
                                          expectedModCount);
        }


        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super V> action) {
            int i, hi, mc;
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            WeakHashMap<K,V> m = map;
            WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V>[] tab = m.table;
            if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
                mc = expectedModCount = m.modCount;
                hi = fence = tab.length;
            }
            else
                mc = expectedModCount;
            if (tab.length >= hi && (i = index) >= 0 &&
                (i < (index = hi) || current != null)) {
                WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V> p = current;
                current = null; // exhaust
                do {
                    if (p == null)
                        p = tab[i++];
                    else {
                        Object x = p.get();
                        V v = p.value;
                        p = p.next;
                        if (x != null)
                            action.accept(v);
                    }
                } while (p != null || i < hi);
            }
            if (m.modCount != mc)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }


        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super V> action) {
            int hi;
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V>[] tab = map.table;
            if (tab.length >= (hi = getFence()) && index >= 0) {
                while (current != null || index < hi) {
                    if (current == null)
                        current = tab[index++];
                    else {
                        Object x = current.get();
                        V v = current.value;
                        current = current.next;
                        if (x != null) {
                            action.accept(v);
                            if (map.modCount != expectedModCount)
                                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }


        public int characteristics() {
            return 0;
        }
    }


    static final class EntrySpliterator<K,V>
        extends WeakHashMapSpliterator<K,V>
        implements Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        EntrySpliterator(WeakHashMap<K,V> m, int origin, int fence, int est,
                       int expectedModCount) {
            super(m, origin, fence, est, expectedModCount);
        }


        public EntrySpliterator<K,V> trySplit() {
            int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
            return (lo >= mid) ? null :
                new EntrySpliterator<K,V>(map, lo, index = mid, est >>>= 1,
                                          expectedModCount);
        }




        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K, V>> action) {
            int i, hi, mc;
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            WeakHashMap<K,V> m = map;
            WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V>[] tab = m.table;
            if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
                mc = expectedModCount = m.modCount;
                hi = fence = tab.length;
            }
            else
                mc = expectedModCount;
            if (tab.length >= hi && (i = index) >= 0 &&
                (i < (index = hi) || current != null)) {
                WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V> p = current;
                current = null; // exhaust
                do {
                    if (p == null)
                        p = tab[i++];
                    else {
                        Object x = p.get();
                        V v = p.value;
                        p = p.next;
                        if (x != null) {
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K k =
                                (K) WeakHashMap.unmaskNull(x);
                            action.accept
                                (new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<K,V>(k, v));
                        }
                    }
                } while (p != null || i < hi);
            }
            if (m.modCount != mc)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }


        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
            int hi;
            if (action == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            WeakHashMap.Entry<K,V>[] tab = map.table;
            if (tab.length >= (hi = getFence()) && index >= 0) {
                while (current != null || index < hi) {
                    if (current == null)
                        current = tab[index++];
                    else {
                        Object x = current.get();
                        V v = current.value;
                        current = current.next;
                        if (x != null) {
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") K k =
                                (K) WeakHashMap.unmaskNull(x);
                            action.accept
                                (new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<K,V>(k, v));
                            if (map.modCount != expectedModCount)
                                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }


        public int characteristics() {
            return Spliterator.DISTINCT;
        }
    }


}


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