node-sass安装失败问题分析及解决方案

ymzhaoUSTB

已于 2024-03-07 22:49:43 修改

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文章标签： sass vue.js node-sass

于 2022-03-14 12:31:44 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ymzhaobth/article/details/123474239

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前言

发现很多人尤其是新手会被这个问题困扰，先把两种方案写在前面吧。

这个异常大概率发生在将已有项目拉到新的终端后，安装项目依赖时。原因基本都是本地 node 版本不支持项目的 node-sass 版本（项目创建时，创建者本地node版本可能偏低）

本地 node 版本

既然是本地 node 版本过高导致的，那最简单直接的解决方案就是更改本地 node 版本为创建时的(你可能需要安装node版本管理工具如nvm才能兼顾多类项目的开发维护)

更换依赖包

另一种方案是将依赖 node-sass 替换为 sass

打开 package.json
替换 node-sass 为 sass
安装依赖 npm install

此为官方建议方案，参考：
node-sass
LibSass and Node Sass are deprecated - how do i migrate

有没有必要将依赖 node-sass 替换为 sass ？

一方面，这个方案的迁移工作几乎没有(参考上面第二个链接)，因为它们暴露的api相同，仅需更换包名即可。
另一方面，如果这个异常是node版本导致，那么将来其他人参与、或者你将项目拉取到另一个终端上时可能也会遇到这个异常。

综合

两种方案可以一同使用，本地node版本过高可能不仅仅会出现 node-sass 的兼容性问题

以下正文是完整分析

项目场景：

一个使用node-sass的vue项目，从远程代码库拉到本地

问题描述

无法正常安装项目依赖

error D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\node-sass: Command failed.
Exit code: 1
Command: node scripts/build.js
Arguments:
Directory: D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\node-sass
Output:
Building: D:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js rebuild --verbose --libsass_ext= --libsass_cflags= --libsass_ldflags= --libsass_library=
gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
gyp verb cli [
gyp verb cli   'D:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe',
gyp verb cli   'D:\\My prgram\\demo-proj\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js',
gyp verb cli   'rebuild',
gyp verb cli   '--verbose',
gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ext=',
gyp verb cli   '--libsass_cflags=',
gyp verb cli   '--libsass_ldflags=',
gyp verb cli   '--libsass_library='
gyp verb cli ]
gyp info using node-gyp@3.8.0
gyp info using node@15.3.0 | win32 | x64
gyp verb command rebuild []
gyp verb command clean []
gyp verb clean removing "build" directory
gyp verb command configure []
gyp verb check python checking for Python executable "python2" in the PATH
gyp verb `which` failed Error: not found: python2
gyp verb `which` failed     at getNotFoundError (D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:13:12)       
gyp verb `which` failed     at F (D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:68:19)
gyp verb `which` failed     at E (D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:80:29)
gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:89:16
gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\isexe\index.js:42:5
gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\isexe\windows.js:36:5
gyp verb `which` failed     at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (node:fs:192:21)
gyp verb `which` failed  python2 Error: not found: python2
gyp verb `which` failed     at getNotFoundError (D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:13:12)       
gyp verb `which` failed     at F (D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:68:19)
gyp verb `which` failed     at E (D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:80:29)
gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\which\which.js:89:16
gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\isexe\index.js:42:5
gyp verb `which` failed     at D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\isexe\windows.js:36:5
gyp verb `which` failed     at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (node:fs:192:21) {
gyp verb `which` failed   code: 'ENOENT'
gyp verb `which` failed }
gyp verb `which` succeeded python D:\My prgram\Python\Python3.6.5\python.EXE
gyp ERR! configure error
gyp ERR! stack Error: Command failed: D:\My prgram\Python\Python3.6.5\python.EXE -c import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3];
gyp ERR! stack   File "<string>", line 1
gyp ERR! stack     import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3];
gyp ERR! stack                                ^
gyp ERR! stack SyntaxError: invalid syntax
gyp ERR! stack
gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.exithandler (node:child_process:309:12)
gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:376:20)
gyp ERR! stack     at maybeClose (node:internal/child_process:1055:16)
gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:288:5)
gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 10.0.18363
gyp ERR! command "D:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "D:\\My prgram\\demo-proj\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "rebuild" "--verbose" "--libsass_ext=" "--libsass_cflags=" "--libsass_ldflags=" "--libsass_library="
gyp ERR! cwd D:\My prgram\demo-proj\node_modules\node-sass
gyp ERR! node -v v15.3.0

相关链接
node-sass Git / Gitee
dart-sass
node-sass安装失败的解决方式

原因分析：

> 墙
首先猜测可能是某些包在墙外，这个很快被排除了

> npm/yarn缓存
此前自己也在其它设备上遇到过这个问题，采用这篇文章的方案，解决了问题，就没去细究
node-sass安装失败的解决方式
但实际上，这个并不是大部分情况下的原因

1、node版本的兼容

想起此前同事拉取代码后也碰到过这个问题，当时我的node版本是v14.16.0，他的是15+，重新安装node@14后，就可以安装项目依赖了

显然，这说明是node-sass不支持 node@15+

node-sass也在git仓库中说明了这一问题

“Warning: LibSass and Node Sass are deprecated. While they will continue to receive maintenance releases indefinitely, there are no plans to add additional features or compatibility with any new CSS or Sass features. Projects that still use it should move onto Dart Sass.”

可以看到，官方建议使用Dart Sass，不过，如果不想(敢)动node-sass，可以接着往下看

NodeJS	Supported node-sass version	Node Module
Node 17	7.0+	102
Node 16	6.0+	93
Node 15	5.0+, <7.0	88
Node 14	4.14+	83
Node 13	4.13+, <5.0	79
Node 12	4.12+	72
Node 11	4.10+, <5.0	67
Node 10	4.9+, <6.0	64
Node 8	4.5.3+, <5.0	57
Node <8	<5.0	<57

更详细的查看版本兼容性方法是查看node-sass的release列表

示例：

首先获取你的node版本适用的binding.node

C:\Users\YMZhao>node -p "[process.platform, process.arch, process.versions.modules].join('-')"
win32-x64-88

以下是node-sass@4.12.0的列表，没有win32-x64-88_binding.node，与你的node版本不兼容
在这里插入图片描述
查询到node-sass@5.0.0兼容node@15

更新node-sass到v5.0.0后，又出现了新的问题：

 ERROR  Failed to compile with 1 error                                                                                     
 error  in ./src/styles/index.scss

Syntax Error: Error: Node Sass version 5.0.0 is incompatible with ^4.0.0.

原因是与"sass-loader": "^8.0.2"不兼容！！

错误：“node-sass”版本 5.0.0 与 ^4.0.0 不兼容

有网友试过，node-sass@5.0.0 兼容 sass-loader@10.1.1

2、使用dart-sass替换node-sass

上面已经提到，node-sass官方都建议更换成dart-sass

Migrate to dart-sass

“If you’re a user of Node Sass, migrating to Dart Sass is straightforward: just replace node-sass in your package.json file with sass. Both packages expose the same JavaScript API.”

使用npm/yarn卸载node-sass，安装sass