Python的十个小技巧

变量转换

a=1
b=2
a,b=b,a

print 输出

name="Tony"
age=18

print("I am %s, %d"%(name,age))
print("I am {}, {}".format(name,age))
print("I am {0}, {0}".format(name))
print(f"I am {name},{age+1}")

yeild函数

# 0 1 1 2 3 5 8
def fibonacci(n):
    a=0
    b=1
    nums=[]
    for _ in range(n):
        nums.append(a)
        a,b=b,a+b
    return nums
def fibonacci2(n):
    a=0
    b=1
    for _ in range(n):
        yield a
        a,b=b,a+b

import time
st=time.time()
for i in fibonacci(100000):
    pass
et=time.time()
print(f"{et-st}")

st=time.time()
for i in fibonacci2(100000):
    pass
et=time.time()
print(f"{et-st}")


# yield 与return
# yield 产出，执行一次一次返回，return是所有数据生产的再返回
# yield针对那些超时的程序，比如下载多个文档并查看，就不用等待文档下载完了后再读取

列表解析式

fruit=["apple","banana","pear","orange"]
fruit=[x.upper() for x in fruit]
print(fruit)
filter_fruit=[ x for x in fruit if x.startswith("A")]
print(filter_fruit)

Enumerate函数

fruit=["apple","banana","pear","orange"]
for i,x in enumerate(fruit):
    print(i,x)

反向遍历

fruit=["apple","banana","pear","orange"]
for i,x in enumerate(reversed(fruit)):
    print(i,x)

按顺序遍历

fruit=["apple","banana","pear","orange"]
for i,x in enumerate(sorted(fruit)):
    print(i,x)

字典合并

a={"tony":"18"}
b={"Andy":"20"}
c={}
# for k in a:
#     c[k]=a[k]
# for k in b:
#     c[k]=b[k]
c={**a,**b}
print(c)

三元运算符

# if socre >60:
#     s="pass"
# else:
#     s="fail"
score=70
s= "pass" if score>60 else "fail"

序列解包

name= "San Zhang"
firtname,lastname=name.split()

with语句

f=open("somefile","r")
s=f.read()
f.close()

with open("somefile","r")  as f:
    s=f.read()