在python中获取当前位置所在的行号和函数名

对于python，这几天一直有两个问题在困扰我:

• 1.python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名。这是有人在论坛里提出的问题，底下一群人只是在猜测python为什么不像__file__一样提供__line__和__func__，但是却最终也没有找到解决方案。
• 2.如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下，怎么才能递归调用自己。这是我一个同事问我的，其实也是获取函数名，但是当时也是回答不出来。

但是今晚！所有的问题都有了答案。
一切还要从我用python的logging模块说起，logging中的format中是有如下选项的:

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%(name) s              Name of the logger ( logging channel )   %(levelno) s          Numeric logging level for the message ( DEBUG , INFO ,                        WARNING , ERROR , CRITICAL ) %(levelname) s        Text logging level for the message ( "DEBUG" , "INFO" ,                        "WARNING" , "ERROR" , "CRITICAL" ) %(pathname) s          Full pathname of the source file where the logging                        call was issued ( if available ) %(filename) s          Filename portion of pathname   %(module) s            Module ( name portion of filename )   %(lineno) d            Source line number where the logging call was issued                        ( if available ) %(funcName) s          Function name   %(created) f          Time when the LogRecord was created ( time . time ( )                        return value ) %(asctime) s          Textual time when the LogRecord was created   %(msecs) d            Millisecond portion of the creation time   %(relativeCreated) d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created ,                        relative to the time the logging module was loaded                      ( typically at application startup time ) %(thread) d            Thread ID ( if available )   %(threadName) s        Thread name ( if available )   %(process) d          Process ID ( if available )   %(message) s          The result of record . getMessage ( ) , computed just as                        the record is emitted

也就是说，logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的，那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢？
我们来看一下源码，主要部分如下:

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def currentframe ( ) :      """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""      try :          raise Exception      except :          return sys . exc_info ( ) [ 2 ] . tb_frame . f_back def findCaller ( self ) :      """     Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source     file name, line number and function name.     """      f = currentframe ( )      #On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if      #IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.      if f is not None :          f = f . f_back      rv = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"      while hasattr ( f , "f_code" ) :          co = f . f_code          filename = os.path . normcase ( co . co_filename )          if filename == _srcfile :              f = f . f_back              continue          rv = ( co . co_filename , f . f_lineno , co . co_name )          break      return rv def _log ( self , level , msg , args , exc_info = None , extra = None ) :      """     Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls     all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.     """      if _srcfile :          #IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an          #exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that          #IronPython can use logging.          try :              fn , lno , func = self . findCaller ( )          except ValueError :              fn , lno , func = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"      else :          fn , lno , func = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"      if exc_info :          if not isinstance ( exc_info , tuple ) :              exc_info = sys . exc_info ( )      record = self . makeRecord ( self . name , level , fn , lno , msg , args , exc_info , func , extra )      self . handle ( record )

我简单解释一下，实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常，然后通过向上查找的方式，找到调用的信息。其中

Python

1	rv = ( co . co_filename , f . f_lineno , co . co_name )

的三个值分别为文件名，行号，函数名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明)
OK，如果已经看懂了源码，那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了，代码如下:

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#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' #============================================================================= #  Author:          dantezhu - http://www.vimer.cn #  Email:           zny2008@gmail.com #  FileName:        xf.py #  Description:     获取当前位置的行号和函数名 #  Version:         1.0 #  LastChange:      2010-12-17 01:19:19 #  History:         #============================================================================= ''' import sys def get_cur_info ( ) :      """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""      try :          raise Exception      except :          f = sys . exc_info ( ) [ 2 ] . tb_frame . f_back      return ( f . f_code . co_name , f . f_lineno )   def callfunc ( ) :      print get_cur_info ( )     if __name__ == '__main__' :      callfunc ( )

输入结果是:

1	( 'callfunc' , 24 )

符合预期~~
哈哈，OK！现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧~

=============================================================================
后来发现，其实也可以有更简单的方法，如下:

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import sys def get_cur_info ( ) :      print sys . _getframe ( ) . f_code . co_name      print sys . _getframe ( ) . f_back . f_code . co_name get_cur_info ( )

调用结果是:

1 2	get_cur_info < module >