String转换为数值double,float,int

**std::stod**
double stod (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0);
double stod (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
Example
// stod example
#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stod

int main ()
{
  std::string orbits ("365.24 29.53");
  std::string::size_type sz;     // alias of size_t

  double earth = std::stod (orbits,&sz);
  double moon = std::stod (orbits.substr(sz));
  std::cout << "The moon completes " << (earth/moon) << " orbits per Earth year.\n";
  return 0;
}
Edit & Run
Possible output:
The moon completes 12.3684 orbits per Earth year.

**std::stof**
float stof (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0);
float stof (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
Example
// stof example
#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stof

int main ()
{
  std::string orbits ("686.97 365.24");
  std::string::size_type sz;     // alias of size_t

  float mars = std::stof (orbits,&sz);
  float earth = std::stof (orbits.substr(sz));
  std::cout << "One martian year takes " << (mars/earth) << " Earth years.\n";
  return 0;
}
Edit & Run
Possible output:
One martian year takes 1.88087 Earth years.

**std::stoi**
int stoi (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
int stoi (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
Example
// stoi example
#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stoi

int main ()
{
  std::string str_dec = "2001, A Space Odyssey";
  std::string str_hex = "40c3";
  std::string str_bin = "-10010110001";
  std::string str_auto = "0x7f";

  std::string::size_type sz;   // alias of size_t

  int i_dec = std::stoi (str_dec,&sz);
  int i_hex = std::stoi (str_hex,nullptr,16);
  int i_bin = std::stoi (str_bin,nullptr,2);
  int i_auto = std::stoi (str_auto,nullptr,0);

  std::cout << str_dec << ": " << i_dec << " and [" << str_dec.substr(sz) << "]\n";
  std::cout << str_hex << ": " << i_hex << '\n';
  std::cout << str_bin << ": " << i_bin << '\n';
  std::cout << str_auto << ": " << i_auto << '\n';

  return 0;
}
Edit & Run
Output:

2001, A Space Odyssey: 2001 and [, A Space Odyssey]
40c3:  16579
-10010110001: -1201
0x7f: 127

**std::stol**
long stol (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
long stol (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
Example
// stol example
#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stol

int main ()
{
  std::string str_dec = "1987520";
  std::string str_hex = "2f04e009";
  std::string str_bin = "-11101001100100111010";
  std::string str_auto = "0x7fffff";

  std::string::size_type sz;   // alias of size_t

  long li_dec = std::stol (str_dec,&sz);
  long li_hex = std::stol (str_hex,nullptr,16);
  long li_bin = std::stol (str_bin,nullptr,2);
  long li_auto = std::stol (str_auto,nullptr,0);

  std::cout << str_dec << ": " << li_dec << '\n';
  std::cout << str_hex << ": " << li_hex << '\n';
  std::cout << str_bin << ": " << li_bin << '\n';
  std::cout << str_auto << ": " << li_auto << '\n';

  return 0;
}
Edit & Run
Output:
1987520: 1987520
2f04e009: 788848649
-11101001100100111010: -956730
0x7fffff: 8388607

**std::stold**
long double stold (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0);
long double stold (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
Example
// stold example
#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stod

int main ()
{
  std::string orbits ("90613.305 365.24");
  std::string::size_type sz;     // alias of size_t

  long double pluto = std::stod (orbits,&sz);
  long double earth = std::stod (orbits.substr(sz));
  std::cout << "Pluto takes " << (pluto/earth) << " years to complete an orbit.\n";
  return 0;
}
Possible output:
Pluto takes 248.093 years to complete an orbit.