这里写目录标题
DML（数据库管理语言）
1.简介
DML语言就是增删改
DML（Data MAnIPuLation Language -数据库操纵语言） 可以在下列条件下执行：
向表中插入数据
修改现存的数据
删除现存数据
事物是由完成若干项工作的DML语句组成
1.插入数据
• 使用 INSERT 语句向表中插入数据。
• 使用这种语法一次只能向表中插入一条数据。
INSERT INTO table [(column [, column...])]
VALUES (value [, value...]);
• 为每一列添加一个新值。
• 按列的默认顺序列出各个列的值。
• 在 INSERT 子句中随意列出列名和他们的值。
• 字符和日期型数据应包含在单引号中。
INSERT INTO t_mysql_departments(department_id, department_name, manager_id, location_id)
VALUES (70, 'Public Relations', 100, 1700);
INSERT INTO t_mysql_employees(employee_id,last_name,email,hire_date,job_id)
VALUES (300,’Tom’,’tom@126.com’,to_date(‘2012-3-
21’,’yyyy-mm-dd’),’SA_RAP’);
向表中插入空值
• 隐式方式: 在列名表中省略该列的值。
INSERT INTO t_mysql_departments (department_id, department_name )
VALUES (30, 'Purchasing');
•显示方式: 在VALUES 子句中指定空值。
INSERT INTO t_mysql_departments
VALUES (100, 'Finance', NULL, NULL);
2.插入指定的值
INSERT INTO t_mysql_employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, phone_number,hire_date, job_id, salary, commission_pct, manager_id,department_id)
VALUES (113, 'Louis', 'Popp', 'LPOPP', '515.124.4567',
NOW(), 'AC_ACCOUNT', 6900, NULL, 205, 100);
从其它表中拷贝数据
• 在 INSERT 语句中加入子查询。
INSERT INTO emp2
SELECT *
FROM t_mysql_employees
WHERE department_id = 90;
INSERT INTO sales_reps(id, name, salary, commission_pct)
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary, commission_pct
FROM t_mysql_employees
WHERE job_id LIKE '%REP%';
• 不必书写 VALUES 子句。
• 子查询中的值列表应与 INSERT 子句中的列名对应
3.更新数据
• 使用 UPDATE 语句更新数据。
UPDATE table
SET column = value [, column = value, ...]
[WHERE condition];
• 可以一次更新多条数据。
• 如果需要回滚数据，需要保证在DML前，进行
设置：SET AUTOCOMMIT = FALSE;
案例
一次修改多表的数据
**案例 1：**修改张无忌的女朋友的手机号为114
UPDATE t_mysql_boys bo
INNER JOIN t_mysql_beauty b ON bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`
SET b.`phone`='119',bo.`userCP`=1000
WHERE bo.`boyName`='张无忌';
**案例2：**修改没有男朋友的女神的男朋友编号都为2号
UPDATE t_mysql_boys bo
RIGHT JOIN t_mysql_beauty b ON bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`
SET b.`boyfriend_id`=2
WHERE bo.`id` IS NULL;
SELECT * FROM t_mysql_boys;
删除数据
•使用 DELETE 语句从表中删除数据。
DELETE FROM table
[WHERE condition];
• 使用 WHERE 子句删除指定的记录。
DELETE FROM t_mysql_departments
WHERE department_name = 'Finance';
• 如果省略 WHERE 子句，则表中的全部数据将被删除
DELETE FROM copy_emp;
一次删除多表的数据
案例：删除张无忌的女朋友的信息
DELETE b
FROM t_mysql_beauty b
INNER JOIN t_mysql_boys bo ON b.`boyfriend_id` = bo.`id`
WHERE bo.`boyName`='张无忌';
案例：删除黄晓明的信息以及他女朋友的信息
DELETE b,bo
FROM t_mysql_beauty b
INNER JOIN t_mysql_boys bo ON b.`boyfriend_id`=bo.`id`
WHERE bo.`boyName`='黄晓明';
delete pk truncate
1.delete 可以加where 条件，truncate不能加
2.truncate删除，效率高一丢丢
3.假如要删除的表中有自增长列，
如果用delete删除后，再插入数据，自增长列的值从断点开始，
而truncate删除后，再插入数据，自增长列的值从1开始。
4.truncate删除没有返回值，delete删除有返回值
5.truncate删除不能回滚，delete删除可以回滚.
综合练习
1.运行以下脚本创建表my_employees
USE myemployees;
CREATE TABLE my_employees(
Id INT(10),
First_name VARCHAR(10),
Last_name VARCHAR(10),
Userid VARCHAR(10),
Salary DOUBLE(10,2)
);
CREATE TABLE users(
id INT,
userid VARCHAR(10),
department_id INT
);
2. 显示表my_employees的结构
DESC my_employees;
3. 向my_employees表中插入下列数据
ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME USERID SALARY
1 patel Ralph Rpatel 895
2 Dancs Betty Bdancs 860
3 Biri Ben Bbiri 1100
4 Newman Chad Cnewman 750
5 Ropeburn Audrey Aropebur 1550
方式一：
INSERT INTO my_employees
VALUES(1,'patel','Ralph','Rpatel',895),
(2,'Dancs','Betty','Bdancs',860),
(3,'Biri','Ben','Bbiri',1100),
(4,'Newman','Chad','Cnewman',750),
(5,'Ropeburn','Audrey','Aropebur',1550);
DELETE FROM my_employees;
方式二：
INSERT INTO my_employees
SELECT 1,'patel','Ralph','Rpatel',895 UNION
SELECT 2,'Dancs','Betty','Bdancs',860 UNION
SELECT 3,'Biri','Ben','Bbiri',1100 UNION
SELECT 4,'Newman','Chad','Cnewman',750 UNION
SELECT 5,'Ropeburn','Audrey','Aropebur',1550;
4. 向users表中插入数据
1 Rpatel 10
2 Bdancs 10
3 Bbiri 20
4 Cnewman 30
5 Aropebur 40
INSERT INTO users
VALUES(1,'Rpatel',10),
(2,'Bdancs',10),
(3,'Bbiri',20);
5.将3号员工的last_name修改为“drelxer”
UPDATE my_employees SET last_name='drelxer' WHERE id = 3;
6.将所有工资少于900的员工的工资修改为1000
UPDATE my_employees SET salary=1000 WHERE salary<900;
7.将userid 为Bbiri的user表和my_employees表的记录全部删除
DELETE u,e
FROM users u
JOIN my_employees e ON u.`userid`=e.`Userid`
WHERE u.`userid`='Bbiri';
8.删除所有数据
DELETE FROM my_employees;
DELETE FROM users;
9.检查所作的修正
SELECT * FROM my_employees;
SELECT * FROM users;
10.清空表my_employees
TRUNCATE TABLE my_employees;
视图
作用:提高了重用性，就像一个函数。
含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样使用
视图是由数据库中的一个表或多个表导出的虚拟表，是
一种虚拟存在的表，方便用户对数据的操作。
mysql5.1版本出现的新特性，是通过表动态生成的数据
案例
案例：查询姓张的学生名和专业名
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`
WHERE s.`stuname` LIKE '张%';
CREATE VIEW v1
AS
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
INNER JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`= m.`id`;
SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE stuname LIKE '张%';
视图的创建
语法：create view 视图名 as 查询语句;
USE myemployees;
1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id = e.job_id;
②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';
2.查询各部门的平均工资级别
①创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
②使用
SELECT myv2.`ag`,g.grade_level
FROM myv2
JOIN job_grades g
ON myv2.`ag` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;
3.查询平均工资最低的部门信息
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;
4.查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资
CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;
SELECT d.*,m.ag
FROM myv3 m
JOIN departments d
ON m.`department_id`=d.`department_id`;
视图的修改
语法1：create or replace view 视图名 as 查询语句;
SELECT * FROM myv3
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
语法2：alter view 视图名 as 查询语句;
ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM employees;
视图的删除
语法：drop view 视图名,视图名,…;
语法：drop view 视图名,视图名,…;
查看视图
DESC myv3;
SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;
视图的更新
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) "annual salary"
FROM employees;
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email
FROM employees;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
SELECT * FROM employees;
1.插入
INSERT INTO myv1 VALUES('张飞','zf@qq.com');
2.修改
UPDATE myv1 SET last_name = ‘张无忌’ WHERE last_name=‘张飞’;
3.删除
DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name = '张无忌';
具备以下特点的视图不允许更新
①包含以下关键字的sql语句：分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
更新(1)
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;
②常量视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;
SELECT * FROM myv2;
更新(2)
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME=‘lucy’;
③Select中包含子查询
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;
更新(4)
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;
④join
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id;
更新(5)
SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name = '张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');
⑤from一个不能更新的视图
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT * FROM myv3;
更新(6)
SELECT * FROM myv5;
UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;
⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
SELECT manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);
更新(7)
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';
视图练习
一、创建视图emp_v1,要求查询电话号码以‘011’开头的员工姓名和工资、邮箱
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v1
AS
SELECT last_name,salary,email
FROM employees
WHERE phone_number LIKE '011%';
二、创建视图emp_v2，要求查询部门的最高工资高于12000的部门信息
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v2
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) mx_dep,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
SELECT d.*,m.mx_dep
FROM departments d
JOIN emp_v2 m
ON m.department_id = d.`department_id`;
前面内容链接
总结
还需努力，奥里给。加油！
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