truffle框架构建和使用

HelloWorld程序

安装工具

1. 安装Node.js 地址
2. 安装truffle框架

npm install -g truffle

项目建立

mkdir my-contract
cd my-contract
truffle init # 初始化操作或者使用 git clone https://github.com/truffle-box/bare-box

新建HelloWorld合约与部署

1. 在contracts文件夹下新建HelloWorld.sol文件，并写入下面solidity代码:

pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.7.0;

contract HelloWorld{
        //没有传参的函数，pure
        function test() pure public returns(string memory){
                return "Hello World";
        }
        //没有传参的函数
        function test2() public returns(string memory){
                return "yorick";
        }
        //有参数的函数
        function echo(string memory s) public returns(string memory){
                return s;
        }
}

2. 在migrations文件夹下新建 2_deploy_HelloWorld.js文件，并修改成如下代码：

var HelloWorld = artifacts.require("./HelloWorld.sol");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
          deployer.deploy(HelloWorld);
};

部署测试

truffle develop
compile
migrate
let contract
contract=HelloWorld.deployed().then(instance=>contract=instance)
contract.test()
contract.test2.call()
contract.echo.call("Hello Solidity")

具体输出结果如下：

root@debian:/home/yorick/Products/my-contract/bare-box# truffle develop
Truffle Develop started at http://127.0.0.1:9545/

Accounts:
(0) 0x00a2eaab0689a0abebb98554c2fccb3c1023a481
(1) 0x0ad2211462372241a03520ca3d1be8b65539c3f0
(2) 0x08fef4b74825fea9cad02140ef2769682aae1179
(3) 0xfe9a20f3f1f47f64ee6fb2482a2c32a96a1c67ea
(4) 0xfa194cb79a083ae6aa43468ed0f12742df7a3168
(5) 0x6994b9231cebf72430285a7e162de3c19e2ccea9
(6) 0x42f421b7219d3b3f94604aac58edab3ce668bca3
(7) 0x9d5f1423cab0f8dec859e2fd58b103deedca4c06
(8) 0x827790948874f9c954eabe42df1c27fb5ad51647
(9) 0xc25deae3ebb575fd5040658c796c263f305b2836

Private Keys:
(0) b9c8ca70657320ebed6ae651dba3487c26647ba2b6617271c8db169081b3e09e
(1) 7fbd43f6fe4861577e6fd4045b82126f1fa965c26b998650ebc8a8044c41b488
(2) d6fa8e3b126850e339b3666c0a1189a2e4733a0f5f0655308a92071ac10db82c
(3) f0e51b61cac56138c374528c006c51dd169f561257705eafe7ab08387c16a892
(4) 423f05a1afdd3ad9173dd84da224c6910db4b89d8fb99f09ef7d2d375d9217fe
(5) abf9db11af0f587ce9e63b39b3ced8e2aa214ef1d714a5055a802466df4a4c5a
(6) 11440f3642c18e9a3e0585cf7ed0cea1e590a03cded9970868b71b0513d04e9d
(7) 3a4c1aa26cb60e976fcd571e2e0f188cd0696ad5e3d469f6b2771cf7715e16fe
(8) 5cff65cd60f5e4a37d7ad6b0dee9006d67ca0b2108af926565896fd21d20dd17
(9) 6d08cf5eebd39621c58d26eab7eb253f1a9568dcaf290d9c404aadb276da3677

Mnemonic: vivid scheme turkey garden ugly height shrimp satoshi ice core auction mystery

⚠️  Important ⚠️  : This mnemonic was created for you by Truffle. It is not secure.
Ensure you do not use it on production blockchains, or else you risk losing funds.

truffle(develop)> compile

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.

truffle(develop)> migrate

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.



Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name:    'develop'
> Network id:      5777
> Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)


1_initial_migration.js
======================

   Replacing 'Migrations'
   ----------------------
   > transaction hash:    0xe44cc681f586db8dc97467de17b446a4c115b1202baa99d052197497acd21832
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0x86bE880263bf806EBc791273f6137D7CfFd2D8d5
   > block number:        1
   > block timestamp:     1590225783
   > account:             0x00a2EAAB0689A0aBEbb98554C2fCCb3C1023a481
   > balance:             99.9967165
   > gas used:            164175 (0x2814f)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 ETH
   > total cost:          0.0032835 ETH


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:           0.0032835 ETH


2_deploy_HelloWorld.js
======================

   Replacing 'HelloWorld'
   ----------------------
   > transaction hash:    0xb75ea083e36acff1fd8f1ee1c45d753fef3c262004b0f7cb86dd873a992d7b14
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0xebb7D75E0388a9dE7003c8dEb6DDBa9ea313cB76
   > block number:        3
   > block timestamp:     1590225783
   > account:             0x00a2EAAB0689A0aBEbb98554C2fCCb3C1023a481
   > balance:             99.99125192
   > gas used:            230888 (0x385e8)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 ETH
   > total cost:          0.00461776 ETH


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:          0.00461776 ETH


Summary
=======
> Total deployments:   2
> Final cost:          0.00790126 ETH


truffle(develop)> let contract;
undefined
truffle(develop)> contract=HelloWorld.deployed().then(instance=>contract=instance)
TruffleContract {
  constructor: [Function: TruffleContract] {
    _constructorMethods: {
      configureNetwork: [Function: configureNetwork],
      setProvider: [Function: setProvider],
      new: [Function: new],
      at: [AsyncFunction: at],
      deployed: [AsyncFunction: deployed],
      defaults: [Function: defaults],
      hasNetwork: [Function: hasNetwork],
      isDeployed: [Function: isDeployed],
      detectNetwork: [AsyncFunction: detectNetwork],
      setNetwork: [Function: setNetwork],
      setNetworkType: [Function: setNetworkType],
      setWallet: [Function: setWallet],
      resetAddress: [Function: resetAddress],
      link: [Function: link],
      clone: [Function: clone],
      addProp: [Function: addProp],
      toJSON: [Function: toJSON],
      decodeLogs: [Function: decodeLogs]
    },
    _properties: {
      contract_name: [Object],
      contractName: [Object],
      gasMultiplier: [Object],
      timeoutBlocks: [Object],
      autoGas: [Object],
      numberFormat: [Object],
      abi: [Object],
      metadata: [Function: metadata],
      network: [Function: network],
      networks: [Function: networks],
      address: [Object],
      transactionHash: [Object],
      links: [Function: links],
      events: [Function: events],
      binary: [Function: binary],
      deployedBinary: [Function: deployedBinary],
      unlinked_binary: [Object],
      bytecode: [Object],
      deployedBytecode: [Object],
      sourceMap: [Object],
      deployedSourceMap: [Object],
      source: [Object],
      sourcePath: [Object],
      legacyAST: [Object],
      ast: [Object],
      compiler: [Object],
      schema_version: [Function: schema_version],
      schemaVersion: [Function: schemaVersion],
      updated_at: [Function: updated_at],
      updatedAt: [Function: updatedAt],
      userdoc: [Function: userdoc],
      devdoc: [Function: devdoc],
      networkType: [Object],
      immutableReferences: [Object]
    },
    _property_values: {},
    _json: {
      contractName: 'HelloWorld',
      abi: [Array],
      metadata: '{"compiler":{"version":"0.5.16+commit.9c3226ce"},"language":"Solidity","output":{"abi":[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"s","type":"string"}],"name":"echo","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"test","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[],"name":"test2","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}],"devdoc":{"methods":{}},"userdoc":{"methods":{}}},"settings":{"compilationTarget":{"/home/yorick/Products/my-contract/bare-box/contracts/HelloWorld.sol":"HelloWorld"},"evmVersion":"istanbul","libraries":{},"optimizer":{"enabled":false,"runs":200},"remappings":[]},"sources":{"/home/yorick/Products/my-contract/bare-box/contracts/HelloWorld.sol":{"keccak256":"0x53039e0501c41b48d343a6d62be39087c228b8bf7282613d9dae8a92a8772985","urls":["bzz-raw://04c8cd75b30c91bbfb356abf599e449d5506080d6bd7e26816bfa16990fc7834","dweb:/ipfs/QmVGqq36hLjnjoBNRKcUCvvUoPyBFcd3fh53EMwdhLj3NT"]}},"version":1}',
      bytecode: '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',
      deployedBytecode: '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',
      immutableReferences: undefined,
      sourceMap: '34:251:0:-;;;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;34:251:0;;;;;;;',
      deployedSourceMap: '34:251:0:-;;;;8:9:-1;5:2;;;30:1;27;20:12;5:2;34:251:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;136:69;;;:::i;:::-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;23:1:-1;8:100;33:3;30:1;27:10;8:100;;;99:1;94:3;90:11;84:18;80:1;75:3;71:11;64:39;52:2;49:1;45:10;40:15;;8:100;;;12:14;136:69:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;207:76;;;;;;13:2:-1;8:3;5:11;2:2;;;29:1;26;19:12;2:2;207:76:0;;;;;;;;;;21:11:-1;8;5:28;2:2;;;46:1;43;36:12;2:2;207:76:0;;35:9:-1;28:4;12:14;8:25;5:40;2:2;;;58:1;55;48:12;2:2;207:76:0;;;;;;100:9:-1;95:1;81:12;77:20;67:8;63:35;60:50;39:11;25:12;22:29;11:107;8:2;;;131:1;128;121:12;8:2;207:76:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;30:3:-1;22:6;14;1:33;99:1;93:3;85:6;81:16;74:27;137:4;133:9;126:4;121:3;117:14;113:30;106:37;;169:3;161:6;157:16;147:26;;207:76:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::i;:::-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;23:1:-1;8:100;33:3;30:1;27:10;8:100;;;99:1;94:3;90:11;84:18;80:1;75:3;71:11;64:39;52:2;49:1;45:10;40:15;;8:100;;;12:14;207:76:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;56:78;;;:::i;:::-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;23:1:-1;8:100;33:3;30:1;27:10;8:100;;;99:1;94:3;90:11;84:18;80:1;75:3;71:11;64:39;52:2;49:1;45:10;40:15;;8:100;;;12:14;56:78:0;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;136:69;168:13;186:15;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;136:69;:::o;207:76::-;253:13;278:1;271:8;;207:76;;;:::o;56:78::-;92:13;110:20;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;56:78;:::o',
      source: 'pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.7.0;\n' +
        '\n' +
        'contract HelloWorld{\n' +
        '\tfunction test() pure public returns(string memory){\n' +
        '\t\treturn "Hello World";\n' +
        '\t}\n' +
        '\tfunction test2() public returns(string memory){\n' +
        '\t\treturn "yorick";\n' +
        '\t}\n' +
        '\tfunction echo(string memory s) public returns(string memory){\n' +
        '\t\treturn s;\n' +
        '\t}\n' +
        '}\n',
      sourcePath: '/home/yorick/Products/my-contract/bare-box/contracts/HelloWorld.sol',
      ast: [Object],
      legacyAST: [Object],
      compiler: [Object],
      networks: [Object],
      schemaVersion: '3.1.0',
      updatedAt: '2020-05-23T09:23:04.286Z',
      networkType: 'ethereum',
      devdoc: [Object],
      userdoc: [Object]
    },
    configureNetwork: [Function: bound configureNetwork],
    setProvider: [Function: bound setProvider],
    new: [Function: bound new] {
      estimateGas: [Function: bound estimateDeployment]
    },
    at: [Function: bound at] AsyncFunction,
    deployed: [Function: bound deployed] AsyncFunction,
    defaults: [Function: bound defaults],
    hasNetwork: [Function: bound hasNetwork],
    isDeployed: [Function: bound isDeployed],
    detectNetwork: [Function: bound detectNetwork] AsyncFunction,
    setNetwork: [Function: bound setNetwork],
    setNetworkType: [Function: bound setNetworkType],
    setWallet: [Function: bound setWallet],
    resetAddress: [Function: bound resetAddress],
    link: [Function: bound link],
    clone: [Function: bound clone],
    addProp: [Function: bound addProp],
    toJSON: [Function: bound toJSON],
    decodeLogs: [Function: bound decodeLogs],
    class_defaults: {
      from: '0x00a2EAAB0689A0aBEbb98554C2fCCb3C1023a481',
      gas: 6721975,
      gasPrice: 20000000000
    },
    interfaceAdapter: Web3InterfaceAdapter { web3: [Web3Shim] },
    web3: Web3Shim {
      currentProvider: [Getter/Setter],
      _requestManager: [RequestManager],
      givenProvider: null,
      providers: [Object],
      _provider: [HttpProvider],
      setProvider: [Function],
      BatchRequest: [Function: bound Batch],
      extend: [Function],
      version: '1.2.1',
      utils: [Object],
      eth: [Eth],
      shh: [Shh],
      bzz: [Bzz],
      networkType: 'ethereum'
    },
    currentProvider: HttpProvider {
      host: 'http://127.0.0.1:9545/',
      httpAgent: [Agent],
      timeout: 0,
      headers: undefined,
      connected: true,
      send: [Function],
      _alreadyWrapped: true
    },
    network_id: '5777',
    ens: { enabled: false, registryAddress: null }
  },
  methods: {
    'test()': [Function] {
      call: [Function],
      sendTransaction: [Function],
      estimateGas: [Function],
      request: [Function]
    },
    'test2()': [Function] {
      call: [Function],
      sendTransaction: [Function],
      estimateGas: [Function],
      request: [Function]
    },
    'echo(string)': [Function] {
      call: [Function],
      sendTransaction: [Function],
      estimateGas: [Function],
      request: [Function]
    }
  },
  abi: [
    {
      constant: true,
      inputs: [],
      name: 'test',
      outputs: [Array],
      payable: false,
      stateMutability: 'pure',
      type: 'function',
      signature: '0xf8a8fd6d'
    },
    {
      constant: false,
      inputs: [],
      name: 'test2',
      outputs: [Array],
      payable: false,
      stateMutability: 'nonpayable',
      type: 'function',
      signature: '0x66e41cb7'
    },
    {
      constant: false,
      inputs: [Array],
      name: 'echo',
      outputs: [Array],
      payable: false,
      stateMutability: 'nonpayable',
      type: 'function',
      signature: '0xf15da729'
    }
  ],
  address: '0xebb7D75E0388a9dE7003c8dEb6DDBa9ea313cB76',
  transactionHash: undefined,
  contract: Contract {
    currentProvider: [Getter/Setter],
    _requestManager: RequestManager {
      provider: [HttpProvider],
      providers: [Object],
      subscriptions: {}
    },
    givenProvider: null,
    providers: {
      WebsocketProvider: [Function: WebsocketProvider],
      HttpProvider: [Function: HttpProvider],
      IpcProvider: [Function: IpcProvider]
    },
    _provider: HttpProvider {
      host: 'http://127.0.0.1:9545/',
      httpAgent: [Agent],
      timeout: 0,
      headers: undefined,
      connected: true,
      send: [Function],
      _alreadyWrapped: true
    },
    setProvider: [Function],
    BatchRequest: [Function: bound Batch],
    extend: [Function: ex] {
      formatters: [Object],
      utils: [Object],
      Method: [Function: Method]
    },
    clearSubscriptions: [Function],
    options: { address: [Getter/Setter], jsonInterface: [Getter/Setter] },
    defaultAccount: [Getter/Setter],
    defaultBlock: [Getter/Setter],
    methods: {
      test: [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      '0xf8a8fd6d': [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      'test()': [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      test2: [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      '0x66e41cb7': [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      'test2()': [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      echo: [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      '0xf15da729': [Function: bound _createTxObject],
      'echo(string)': [Function: bound _createTxObject]
    },
    events: { allEvents: [Function: bound ] },
    _address: '0xebb7D75E0388a9dE7003c8dEb6DDBa9ea313cB76',
    _jsonInterface: [ [Object], [Object], [Object] ]
  },
  test: [Function] {
    call: [Function],
    sendTransaction: [Function],
    estimateGas: [Function],
    request: [Function]
  },
  test2: [Function] {
    call: [Function],
    sendTransaction: [Function],
    estimateGas: [Function],
    request: [Function]
  },
  echo: [Function] {
    call: [Function],
    sendTransaction: [Function],
    estimateGas: [Function],
    request: [Function]
  },
  sendTransaction: [Function],
  send: [Function],
  allEvents: [Function],
  getPastEvents: [Function]
}
truffle(develop)> contract.test()
'Hello World'
truffle(develop)> contract.test2.call()
'yorick'
truffle(develop)> contract.echo.call("Hello Solidity")
'Hello Solidity'

---

通过zeppelin-solidity建立标准代币

项目建立

mkdir BLC
cd BLC
truffle init  # 或者使用 git clone https://github.com/truffle-box/bare-box 
npm init # 生成package.json管理包工具
npm install zeppelin-solidity # 添加外部包

当引入zeppelin-solidity外部包后，可以发现在package.json中新增加如下代码：

"dependencies": {
    "zeppelin-solidity": "^1.12.0"
  }

新建solidity分发代币合约并部署

在contracts文件夹下，新建BloggerCoin.sol文件。并写如下代码：

pragma solidity >=0.4.21 <0.7.0;
//引入外部包的文件,若编译版本不同注意修改为当前solidity编译版本 通过 truffle version查看当前solidity的编译版本
import "zeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC20/StandardToken.sol";
contract BloggerCoin is StandardToken{
    string public name = "BloggerCoin";
    string public symbol = "BLC";
    uint8 public decimals = 4;
    uint public initMoney = 1000;
    constructor() public{
        balances[msg.sender] = initMoney;
    }
}

在migrations文件夹下，新建2_deploy_BloggerCoin.js文件，并写如下代码：

var BloggerCoin = artifacts.require("./BloggerCoin.sol");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
      deployer.deploy(BloggerCoin);
};

测试

truffle develop #开启truffle
compile #编译
migrate #部署
let contract #创建变量
contract = BloggerCoin.deployed().then(instance=>contract=instance) #给变量赋值
# 测试合约内的属性和方法
contract.name() 
contract.symbol()
contract.balanceOf("地址")
contract.transfer("目的地址",代币数量)