DNS 异步请求池框架实现
文章目录
1、dns 报文格式
1.1、Header
struct dns_header {
unsigned short id; // 会话标识
unsigned short flags; // 标志位
unsigned short qdcount; // 问题记录数
unsigned short ancount; // 回答记录数
unsigned short nscount; // 授权记录数
unsigned short arcount; // 附加记录数
};
1.2、Question section format
问题部分
struct dns_question {
int length; // 查询名的长度
unsigned short qtype; // 查询类型，in
unsigned short qclass; // 地址类型，A
char *qname; // 查询名
};
1.3、Resource record format
资源记录部分
为减少报文大小，对信息进行压缩。用指针替换在消息中与域名（或位于域名末尾的标签）同名的部分。
例如，对于域名 F.ISI.ARPA, FOO.F.ISI.ARPA, ARPA, root，信息压缩结果如下：
代码实现：
// 判断 flag 是否为指针
static int is_pointer(int in) {
// 0xC0: 1100 0000，判断高两位是否是11，是则表示指针
return ((in & 0xC0) == 0xC0);
}
// 解析域名
static void dns_parse_name(unsigned char *chunk, unsigned char *ptr, char *out, int *len) {
int flag = 0, n = 0, alen = 0;
char *pos = out + (*len);
while (1) {
flag = (int)ptr[0];
if (flag == 0) break; // 长度为0，代表root，结束
// 如果 flag 表示的是指针
if (is_pointer(flag)) {
n = (int)ptr[1]; // ptr[1] 指向 offset
ptr = chunk + n; // ptr 重定位到偏移的位置，替换
dns_parse_name(chunk, ptr, out, len);
break;
}
// 如果 flag 表示的是长度
else {
ptr ++;
memcpy(pos, ptr, flag);
pos += flag;
ptr += flag;
*len += flag; // 长度累加
// 字段长度不为0，补充'.'分割符
if ((int)ptr[0] != 0) {
memcpy(pos, ".", 1);
pos += 1;
(*len) += 1;
}
}
}
}
2、异步实现的架构
异步实现四元组
-
commit()：业务提交，
socket init -> connnect -> dns_request -> sendto dns -
thread_callback()：线程的回调函数，检测 io 有无数据可读
epoll_wait -
init_ctx()：初始化上下文（
pthread_create，epoll_create） -
destory_ctx()
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define DNS_SVR "202.207.240.225"
#define DNS_HOST 0x01
#define DNS_CNAME 0x05
#define ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM 1024
struct dns_header {
unsigned short id; // 会话标识
unsigned short flags; // 标志位
unsigned short qdcount; // 问题记录数
unsigned short ancount; // 回答记录数
unsigned short nscount; // 授权记录数
unsigned short arcount; // 附加记录数
};
struct dns_question {
int length; // 查询名的长度
unsigned short qtype; // 查询类型，in
unsigned short qclass; // 地址类型，A
char *qname; // 查询名
};
// 返回获得的域名和ip
struct dns_item {
char *domain;
char *ip;
};
// 保存上下文信息
struct async_context {
int epfd;
pthread_t thid;
};
typedef void (*async_result_cb)(struct dns_item *list, int count);
// 每个sockfd 要做的事情，传递参数
struct ep_arg {
int sockfd;
async_result_cb cb;
};
// 创建 dns 请求头
int dns_create_header(struct dns_header *header) {
if (header == NULL) return -1;
memset(header, 0, sizeof(struct dns_header));
srandom(time(NULL));
header->id = random();
header->flags |= htons(0x0100);
header->qdcount = htons(1);
return 0;
}
// 创建 dns 请求内容
int dns_create_question(struct dns_question *question, const char *hostname) {
if (question == NULL) return -1;
memset(question, 0, sizeof(struct dns_question));
question->qname = (char*)malloc(strlen(hostname) + 2);
if (question->qname == NULL) return -2;
question->length = strlen(hostname) + 2;
question->qtype = htons(1);
question->qclass = htons(1);
const char delim[2] = ".";
char *hostname_dup = strdup(hostname);
char *token = strtok(hostname_dup, delim);
char *qname_p = question->qname;
while (token != NULL) {
size_t len = strlen(token);
*qname_p = len;
qname_p ++;
strncpy(qname_p, token, len+1);
qname_p += len;
token = strtok(NULL, delim);
}
free(hostname_dup);
return 0;
}
// 创建 dns 请求
int dns_build_request(struct dns_header *header, struct dns_question *question, char *request) {
int header_s = sizeof(struct dns_header);
int question_s = question->length + sizeof(question->qtype) + sizeof(question->qclass);
int length = question_s + header_s;
int offset = 0;
memcpy(request+offset, header, sizeof(struct dns_header));
offset += sizeof(struct dns_header);
memcpy(request+offset, question->qname, question->length);
offset += question->length;
memcpy(request+offset, &question->qtype, sizeof(question->qtype));
offset += sizeof(question->qtype);
memcpy(request+offset, &question->qclass, sizeof(question->qclass));
return length;
}
// 判断 flag 是否为指针
static int is_pointer(int in) {
// 0xC0: 1100 0000，判断高两位是否是11，是则表示指针
return ((in & 0xC0) == 0xC0);
}
// 设置非阻塞 io
static int set_block(int fd, int block) {
int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
if (flags < 0) return flags;
if (block) {
flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
} else {
flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
}
if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0) return -1;
return 0;
}
// 解析域名
static void dns_parse_name(unsigned char *chunk, unsigned char *ptr, char *out, int *len) {
int flag = 0, n = 0, alen = 0;
char *pos = out + (*len);
while (1) {
flag = (int)ptr[0];
if (flag == 0) break; // 长度为0，代表root，结束
// 如果 flag 表示的是指针
if (is_pointer(flag)) {
n = (int)ptr[1]; // ptr[1] 指向 offset
ptr = chunk + n; // ptr 重定位到偏移的位置，替换
dns_parse_name(chunk, ptr, out, len);
break;
}
// 如果 flag 表示的是长度
else {
ptr ++;
memcpy(pos, ptr, flag);
pos += flag;
ptr += flag;
*len += flag; // 长度累加
// 字段长度不为0，补充'.'分割符
if ((int)ptr[0] != 0) {
memcpy(pos, ".", 1);
pos += 1;
(*len) += 1;
}
}
}
}
// 解析 dns 响应
static int dns_parse_response(char *buffer, struct dns_item **domains) {
int i = 0;
unsigned char *ptr = buffer;
ptr += 4;
int querys = ntohs(*(unsigned short*)ptr); // 问题记录数
ptr += 2;
int answers = ntohs(*(unsigned short*)ptr); // 回答记录数
// 问题查询区域
ptr += 6;
for (i = 0; i < querys; ++i) {
while (1) {
int flag = (int)ptr[0];
ptr += (flag + 1); // 跳到下一标志位开始的地方
if (flag == 0) break; // 长度为0，结束查询域名字段
}
ptr += 4; // 跳过查询类型和查询类字段，到达资源记录部分
}
char cname[128], aname[128], ip[20], netip[4];
int len, type, ttl, datalen;
int cnt = 0;
struct dns_item *list = (struct dns_item*)calloc(answers, sizeof(struct dns_item));
if (list == NULL) {
return -1;
}
// 资源记录部分
for (i = 0; i < answers; ++i) {
bzero(aname, sizeof(aname));
len = 0;
dns_parse_name(buffer, ptr, aname, &len); // 域名字段
ptr += 2;
type = htons(*(unsigned short*)ptr); // 类型字段
ptr += 4;
ttl = htons(*(unsigned short*)ptr); // 生存时间字段
ptr += 4;
datalen = ntohs(*(unsigned short*)ptr); // 资源长度字段
ptr += 2; // 指向资源数据
if (type == DNS_CNAME) {
bzero(cname, sizeof(cname));
len = 0;
dns_parse_name(buffer, ptr, cname, &len);
ptr += datalen;
} else if (type == DNS_HOST) {
bzero(ip, sizeof(ip));
if (datalen == 4) {
memcpy(netip, ptr, datalen);
inet_ntop(AF_INET , netip , ip , sizeof(struct sockaddr));
printf("%s has address %s\n" , aname, ip);
printf("\tTime to live: %d minutes , %d seconds\n", ttl / 60, ttl % 60);
list[cnt].domain = (char *)calloc(strlen(aname) + 1, 1);
memcpy(list[cnt].domain, aname, strlen(aname));
list[cnt].ip = (char *)calloc(strlen(ip) + 1, 1);
memcpy(list[cnt].ip, ip, strlen(ip));
cnt ++;
}
ptr += datalen;
}
}
*domains = list;
ptr += 2;
return cnt;
}
// 同步实现方式
int dns_client_commit(const char *domain) {
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("create socket failed\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("url:%s\n", domain);
set_block(sockfd, 0); //nonblock
struct sockaddr_in dest;
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(53);
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(DNS_SVR);
int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest));
//printf("connect :%d\n", ret);
struct dns_header header = {0};
dns_create_header(&header);
struct dns_question question = {0};
dns_create_question(&question, domain);
char request[1024] = {0};
int req_len = dns_build_request(&header, &question, request);
int slen = sendto(sockfd, request, req_len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
while (1) {
char buffer[1024] = {0};
struct sockaddr_in addr;
size_t addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, (socklen_t*)&addr_len);
if (n <= 0) continue;
printf("recvfrom n : %d\n", n);
struct dns_item *domains = NULL;
dns_parse_response(buffer, &domains);
break;
}
return 0;
}
void dns_async_client_free_domains(struct dns_item *list, int count) {
int i = 0;
for (i = 0;i < count;i ++) {
free(list[i].domain);
free(list[i].ip);
}
free(list);
}
/**
* @brief 线程回调函数
* epoll_wait result callback
* @param arg 上下文信息
*/
static void* dns_async_client_proc(void *arg) {
struct async_context *ctx = (struct async_context*)arg;
while (1) {
struct epoll_event events[ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM] = {0};
int nready = epoll_wait(ctx->epfd, events, ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM, -1);
printf("nready:%d\n", nready);
if (nready < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) {
continue;
} else {
break;
}
} else if (nready == 0) {
continue;
}
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < nready; ++i) {
// 1、读取 dns 返回的报文
struct ep_arg *data = (struct ep_arg*)events[i].data.ptr;
int sockfd = data->sockfd;
char buffer[1024] = {0};
struct sockaddr_in addr;
size_t addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, (socklen_t*)&addr_len);
// 2、业务逻辑的处理
struct dns_item *domain_list = NULL;
int count = dns_parse_response(buffer, &domain_list);
//执行该sockfd对应的call cb，不同sockfd对应不同的业务
data->cb(domain_list, count);
int ret = epoll_ctl(ctx->epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, sockfd, NULL);
//printf("epoll_ctl DEL --> sockfd:%d\n", sockfd);
close(sockfd);
dns_async_client_free_domains(domain_list, count);
free(data);
}
}
}
/**
* @brief 初始化上下文（epoll init, thread init）
* @param ctx 存储上下文信息
* @return int 成功返回0
*/
int dns_async_client_init(struct async_context* ctx) {
if (ctx == NULL) {
return -EINVAL;
}
ctx->epfd = epoll_create(1);
if (ctx->epfd < 0) {
perror("epoll_create");
return -1;
}
int ret = pthread_create(&ctx->thid, NULL, dns_async_client_proc, ctx);
if (ret) {
perror("pthread_create");
return -2;
}
usleep(1); //child go first
return 0;
}
int dns_async_client_destory(struct async_context* ctx) {
if (ctx == NULL) return -EINVAL;
pthread_cancel(ctx->thid);
close(ctx->epfd);
return 0;
}
/**
* @brief 完成业务提交
* socket init -> connnect -> dns_request -> sendto dns
* @param ctx
* @param domain
* @param cb
* @return int
*/
int dns_async_client_commit(struct async_context* ctx, const char *domain, async_result_cb cb) {
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("create socket failed\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("url:%s\n", domain);
set_block(sockfd, 0); //设置 nonblock
struct sockaddr_in dest;
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(53);
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(DNS_SVR);
int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest));
// printf("connect :%d\n", ret);
struct dns_header header = {0};
dns_create_header(&header);
struct dns_question question = {0};
dns_create_question(&question, domain);
char request[1024] = {0};
int req_len = dns_build_request(&header, &question, request);
int slen = sendto(sockfd, request, req_len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
struct ep_arg *eparg = (struct ep_arg*)calloc(1, sizeof(struct ep_arg));
if (eparg == NULL) return -1;
eparg->sockfd = sockfd;
eparg->cb = cb;
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.data.ptr = eparg;
ev.events = EPOLLIN;
ret = epoll_ctl(ctx->epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev);
//printf(" epoll_ctl ADD: sockfd->%d, ret:%d\n", sockfd, ret);
return ret;
}
char *domain[] = {
"www.ntytcp.com",
"bojing.wang",
"www.baidu.com",
"tieba.baidu.com",
"news.baidu.com",
"zhidao.baidu.com",
"music.baidu.com",
"image.baidu.com",
"v.baidu.com",
"map.baidu.com",
"baijiahao.baidu.com",
"xueshu.baidu.com",
"cloud.baidu.com",
"www.163.com",
"open.163.com",
"auto.163.com",
"gov.163.com",
"money.163.com",
"sports.163.com",
"tech.163.com",
"edu.163.com",
"www.taobao.com",
"q.taobao.com",
"sf.taobao.com",
"yun.taobao.com",
"baoxian.taobao.com",
"www.tmall.com",
"suning.tmall.com",
"www.tencent.com",
"www.qq.com",
"www.aliyun.com",
"www.ctrip.com",
"hotels.ctrip.com",
"hotels.ctrip.com",
"vacations.ctrip.com",
"flights.ctrip.com",
"trains.ctrip.com",
"bus.ctrip.com",
"car.ctrip.com",
"piao.ctrip.com",
"tuan.ctrip.com",
"you.ctrip.com",
"g.ctrip.com",
"lipin.ctrip.com",
"ct.ctrip.com"
};
// 业务逻辑处理的回调函数：打印域名对应的ip
static void dns_async_client_result_callback(struct dns_item *list, int count) {
int i = 0;
for (i = 0;i < count;i ++) {
printf("name:%s, ip:%s\n", list[i].domain, list[i].ip);
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
#if 0 //1、开启同步模式
int count = sizeof(domain) / sizeof(domain[0]);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
dns_client_commit(domain[i]);
}
#else // 2、开启异步模式
struct async_context *ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct async_context));
dns_async_client_init(ctx);
int count = sizeof(domain) / sizeof(domain[0]);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0;i < count;i ++) {
dns_async_client_commit(ctx, domain[i], dns_async_client_result_callback);
}
// 阻塞一下
getchar();
#endif
return 0;
}
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