Linux 挂载 磁盘

阿里云服务器上买了一个云盘需要挂载到服务器上，这里记录一下，默认阿里是不会帮我们挂载的

1. 查看系统挂载目录的情况

df -h

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.9G  480K  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs           1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        30G   17G   14G  55% /
tmpfs           378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0

2.查看未挂载的盘

df -l

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ ~]# df -l
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs         1918744        0   1918744   0% /dev
tmpfs            1934224        0   1934224   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1934224      480   1933744   1% /run
tmpfs            1934224        0   1934224   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1       31445996 17071244  14374752  55% /
tmpfs             386844        0    386844   0% /run/user/0
[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x319ba3a3

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *     2048 62914526 62912479  30G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/vdb: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

3.挂载磁盘到/disk/d目录中

 先创建目录

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ ~]# mkdir -p /disk/d

 fdisk 硬盘分区(依次输入:n -> p -> 回车 -> 回车 -> wq)

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ /]# fdisk /dev/vdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3044a432.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-62914559, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-62914559, default 62914559): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 30 GiB.

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

 

查看磁盘设备

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x319ba3a3

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *     2048 62914526 62912479  30G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/vdb: 30 GiB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x3044a432

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1        2048 62914559 62912512  30G 83 Linux

格式化 /dev/vdb1 为 ext4

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ /]# mkfs .ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
mkfs.ext2: invalid blocks '/dev/vdb1' on device '.ext4'
[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Creating filesystem with 7864064 4k blocks and 1966080 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 4b071292-9a89-4723-9149-9f81421724e5
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  

挂载设备到/disk/d

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ /]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Nov 20 06:36:28 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
UUID=edf839fd-8e1a-4373-946a-c32c9b459611 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/vdb1 /disk/d                                                 ext4    defaults        0 0

挂载测试(无错误即可) 

mount -a

然后查看系统目录

[root@iZbp16b2z9ui0h530heg1jZ /]# df -l
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs         1918744        0   1918744   0% /dev
tmpfs            1934224        0   1934224   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1934224      484   1933740   1% /run
tmpfs            1934224        0   1934224   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1       31445996 17873724  13572272  57% /
tmpfs             386844        0    386844   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1       30831524    45080  29197248   1% /disk/d

 已经挂载完成