oracle sql 基本知识

1. 空值是无效的，未指定的，未知的或不可预知的值。空值不是空格或者0。（空值NULL）
2. 别名：select last_name name from employee; select last_name "Last Name" from employee;
后者选出的列名按引号中格式显示。
3. 连接符把列与列，列与字符连接在一起，用 ‘||’表示，可以用来‘合成’列。
select t.name||t.clerkid as NAME from client t
select t.name|| 'clerk number is'||t.clerkid as NAME from client t 必须用单引号
4. 在 SELECT 子句中使用关键字‘DISTINCT’删除重复行
5. 过滤：
[b]比较运算[/b] = > < >= <= <> between and in(set) like is null

SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary BETWEEN 2500 AND 3500;

SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary, manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN (100, 101, 201);

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '_o%'; (_代表一个字符，%代表一个或多个字符)

SELECT last_name, manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NULL; (使用NULL 判断空值)

[b]逻辑运算[/b] AND OR NOT

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >=10000
AND job_id LIKE '%MAN%';

SELECT last_name, job_id
FROM employees
WHERE job_id
NOT IN ('IT_PROG', 'ST_CLERK', 'SA_REP');

[b]SELECT *|{[DISTINCT] column|expression [alias],...}
FROM table
[WHERE condition(s)]
[ORDER BY {column, expr, alias} [ASC|DESC]];[/b]