linux 孤儿进程

《unix 环境高级编程》练习，附录B

常用函数头文件apue.h

#ifndef _APUE_H
#define _APUE_H

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/termios.h>

#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>

#define MAXLINE 4096


/*
 *Default file access permissions for new files.
 */
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IROTH)

/*
 *Default permissions for new directories.
 */
#define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)

typedef void Sigfunc(int);

#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)
#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)
#endif

#define min(a,b)  ((a) < (b)? (a): (b))
#define max(a,b)  ((a) > (b)? (a): (b))

/*
 *Prototypes for our own functions.
 */
char *path_alloc(int *);
long open_max(void);
void clr_fl(int, int);
void set_fl(int, int);
void pr_exit(int);
void pr_mask(const char *);
Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *);

int tty_cbreak(int);
int tty_raw(int);
int tty_reset(int);
void tty_atexit(void);
#ifdef ECHO /*only if <termios.h> has been included */
struct termios *tty_termios(void);
#endif

void sleep_us(unsigned int);
ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t);
ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t);
void daemonize(const char *);


int s_pipe(int *);
int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int, const void *, size_t));
int send_fd(int, int);
int send_err(int, int, const char *);
int serv_listen(const char *);
int serv_accept(int, uid_t *);
int cli_conn(const char *);
int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int, char**));

int ptym_open(char *, int);
int ptys_open(char *);
#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *,int, const struct termios *, const struct winsize*);
#endif

int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t);
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len)  lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) lock_reg((fd), FSETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) lock_reg((fd),F_SETLK, F_WRLCK,(offset), (whence), (len))
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len)  lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))
pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t);
#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)
#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len)  (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)

void err_dump(const char *, ...);
void err_msg(const char *, ...);
void err_quit(const char *, ...);
void err_exit(int, const char *, ...);
void err_ret(const char*, ...);
void err_sys(const char*, ...);

void log_msg(const char *, ...);
void log_open(const char *, int, int);
void log_quit(const char *, ...);
void log_ret(const char *, ...);
void log_sys(const char *, ...);

void TELL_WAIT(void);
void TELL_PARENT(pid_t);
void TELL_CHILD(pid_t);
void WAIT_PARENT(void);
void WAIT_CHILD(void);

#endif

标准出错处理例程实现err_hand.c

#include "apue.h"
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);

/*
 * Nonfatal error related to a system call
 * Print a message and return
 */
void err_ret(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
}

/*
 *Fatal error related to a system call.
 *Print a message and terminate.
 */
void err_sys(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    exit(1);
}

/*
 *Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 *Error code passed as explict parameter.
 *Print a message and terminate.
 */ 
void err_exit(int error, const char*fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1,error, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    exit(1);
}


/*
 *Fatal error related to a system call.
 *Print a message, dump core, and terminate.
 */
void err_dump(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    abort();
    exit(1);
}


/*
 *Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call.
 *Print a message and return.
 */
void err_msg(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
}

/*
 *Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
 *Print a message and terminate.
 */
void err_quit(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    exit(1);
}

/*
 *Print a message and return to caller.
 *Caller specifies "errnoflag"
 */
static void err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
    char buf[MAXLINE];
    vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap);
    if(errnoflag)
        snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ":%s", strerror(error));
    strcat(buf, "\n");
    fflush(stdout);
    fputs(buf, stderr);
    fflush(NULL);
}

关于孤儿进程orphan.c：

#include "apue.h"
#include <errno.h>

static void sig_hup(int signo)
{
    printf("SIGHUP received, pid = %d\n", getpid());
}
static void pr_ids(char *name)
{
    printf("%s: pid=%d, ppid=%d, pgrp=%d,tpgrp=%d\n", name, getpid(), getppid(), getpgrp(), tcgetpgrp(STDIN_FILENO));
    fflush(stdout);
}

int main(void)
{
    char c;
    pid_t pid;
    pr_ids("parent");
    if((pid=fork())<0)
    {
        err_sys("fork error");
    }
    else if(pid > 0)
    {
        sleep(5);
        exit(0);
    }
    else{
        pr_ids("child");
        signal(SIGHUP, sig_hup);
        kill(getpid(), SIGTSTP);
        pr_ids("child");
        if(read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1) != 1)
        {
            printf("read error from controlling TTY, errno = %d\n", errno);
        }
        exit(0);
    }
}

编译linux动态库：
[you@localhost test]$ls apue.h err_hand.c orphan.c [you@localhost test]$ ls -l
总用量 12
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 3049 1月 8 17:31 apue.h
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 1783 1月 8 19:08 err_hand.c
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 673 1月 15 23:37 orphan.c
[you@localhost test]$gcc -fpic -c err_hand.c [you@localhost test]$ ls -l
总用量 16
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 3049 1月 8 17:31 apue.h
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 1783 1月 8 19:08 err_hand.c
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 4088 1月 16 00:10 err_hand.o
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 673 1月 15 23:37 orphan.c
[you@localhost test]$gcc -shared -o libtest.so err_hand.o [you@localhost test]$ ls -l
总用量 32
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 3049 1月 8 17:31 apue.h
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 1783 1月 8 19:08 err_hand.c
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 4088 1月 16 00:10 err_hand.o
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 you you 12824 1月 16 00:11 libtest.so
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 673 1月 15 23:37 orphan.c
[you@localhost test]$gcc -o tt orphan.c -L ./ -ltest [you@localhost test]$ ls -l
总用量 48
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 3049 1月 8 17:31 apue.h
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 1783 1月 8 19:08 err_hand.c
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 4088 1月 16 00:10 err_hand.o
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 you you 12824 1月 16 00:11 libtest.so
-rw-rw-r–. 1 you you 673 1月 15 23:37 orphan.c
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 you you 13400 1月 16 00:11 tt
[you@localhost test]$./tt parent: pid=7211, ppid=5515, pgrp=7211,tpgrp=7211 child: pid=7212, ppid=7211, pgrp=7211,tpgrp=7211 SIGHUP received, pid = 7212 child: pid=7212, ppid=1, pgrp=7211,tpgrp=7211 [you@localhost test]$

动态库参考：http://blog.csdn.net/tigerjibo/article/details/6992531