MySQL---常用管理命令行

  • 客户端连接MySQL服务

    C:\WINDOWS\system32> mysql -uroot -p
    连接本地MySQL服务器
    
    C:\WINDOWS\system32> mysql -uroot -p -h11.234.56.34
    连接目标MySQL服务器

    •mysql –uroot –p 回车,录入mysql的root用户密码

    -u代表mysql的用户名,可以不加空格之间填写连接用户-uroot

    -p代表用户名对应的密码,可以直接在-p后面写密码,但是旁边有人能看到

    mysql -uroot -poracle

    -p后面可以不写密码,直接回车后会提醒录入密码,这样比较安全

    退出连接   mysql>quit;  或者 exit;

  • 查看MySQL服务器版本

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.24    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看当前连接用户

mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user()         |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看当前服务器日期和时间

mysql> select now();
+---------------------+
| now()               |
+---------------------+
| 2018-12-18 12:56:19 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 当前用户可以访问的数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看“mysql”数据库的表

mysql> show tables from mysql;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
 ...........................
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看当前使用的数据库

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看mysql库的user表的列


mysql> desc mysql.user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field                  | Type                              | Null | Key | Default               | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host                   | char(60)                          | NO   | PRI |                       |       |
| User                   | char(32)                          | NO   | PRI |    
| Repl_slave_priv        | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Repl_client_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Create_view_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Show_view_priv         | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Create_routine_priv    | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Alter_routine_priv     | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Create_user_priv       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Event_priv             | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Trigger_priv           | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| ssl_type               | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO   |     |                       |       |
| ssl_cipher             | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL                  |       |
| x509_issuer            | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL                  |       |
| x509_subject           | blob                              | NO   |     | NULL                  |       |
| max_questions          | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       |
| max_updates            | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       |
| max_connections        | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       |
| max_user_connections   | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       |
| plugin                 | char(64)                          | NO   |     | mysql_native_password |       |
| authentication_string  | text                              | YES  |     | NULL                  |       |
| password_expired       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
| password_last_changed  | timestamp                         | YES  |     | NULL                  |       |
| password_lifetime      | smallint(5) unsigned              | YES  |     | NULL                  |       |
| account_locked         | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
45 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 查看mysql库的user表的行

mysql> select * from mysql.user\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                  Host: localhost
                  User: root
           Select_priv: Y
           Insert_priv: Y
           Update_priv: Y
           Delete_priv: Y
           Create_priv: Y
             Drop_priv: Y
           Reload_priv: Y
         Shutdown_priv: Y
          Process_priv: Y
             File_priv: Y
...........................................
         max_questions: 0
           max_updates: 0
       max_connections: 0
  max_user_connections: 0
                plugin: mysql_native_password
 authentication_string: *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE
      password_expired: N
 password_last_changed: 2018-12-18 12:23:27
     password_lifetime: NULL
        account_locked: Y
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

          user表的列太多,导致折行,把列转成行来看,这样清晰一些

  • 数据库、表、列存放位置

    
    mysql>  show variables like 'datadir';
    +---------------+----------------+
    | Variable_name | Value          |
    +---------------+----------------+
    | datadir       | D:\mysql\data\ |
    +---------------+----------------+
    1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> show tables from mysql like 'user';
    +------------------------+
    | Tables_in_mysql (user) |
    +------------------------+
    | user                   |
    +------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;
    +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    | user          | host      | authentication_string                     |
    +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    | root          | localhost | *A4B6157319038724E3560894F7F932C8886EBFCF |
    | mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
    | mysql.sys     | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
    +---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> desc mysql.user;
    +------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
    | Field                  | Type                              | Null | Key | Default               | Extra |
    +------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
    | Host                   | char(60)                          | NO   | PRI |                       |       |
    | User                   | char(32)                          | NO   | PRI |                       |       |
    | Select_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
    | Insert_priv            | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N 
    | max_updates            | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       |
    | max_connections        | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       |
    | max_user_connections   | int(11) unsigned                  | NO   |     | 0                     |       |
    | plugin                 | char(64)                          | NO   |     | mysql_native_password |       |
    | authentication_string  | text                              | YES  |     | NULL                  |       |
    | password_expired       | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
    | password_last_changed  | timestamp                         | YES  |     | NULL                  |       |
    | password_lifetime      | smallint(5) unsigned              | YES  |     | NULL                  |       |
    | account_locked         | enum('N','Y')                     | NO   |     | N                     |       |
    +------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
    45 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    

    数据库1(目录1)

  • 表 (文件)

  • 列1,列2,列3,……( 一个表至少有一列 )

  • 行1,行2,行3,……(一个表可以有0到N行)

  • 数据库2(目录2)

  • 表1

  • 表2

  • 表3

  • ……

  • 数据库3(目录3)

  • 表1

  • ……

 

  • 创建数据库


mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
创建名字为‘test’的数据库

mysql> create database test character set 'utf8' collate 'utf8_general_ci';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
创建名为 “test”的数据库,使用utf8编码可以存储中文

character set 
指定字符串以何种编码存储。如果在库中建表,没有指定以何种编码存储,默认使用utf8编码存储表中的字符串

collate
定义字符串排序的顺序和比较的方式

utf8_general_ci
字符串按照UTF8编码比较大小,不区分大小写ci = case insensitive

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| demo               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| student            |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
显示所有数据库

 

删除数据库


mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
删除文件名为‘test’的数据库

  1. 目录会被删除
  2. 如果里面有表文件也会被删除
  3. 千万不要删除mysql,sys,performance_schema等这些系统数据库

  4. 如果删除了,mysql服务器程序崩溃,切记危险!

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