GUI编程

littleBboo

已于 2022-08-10 18:20:14 修改

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分类专栏： JavaSE 文章标签： java

于 2022-07-11 08:23:49 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/younglnky/article/details/125714200

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AWT

组件和容器

Frame 窗口

新建一个frame窗口

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图像界面");

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置背景颜色
        //frame.setBackground(Color.green);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(118, 194, 114));
        //弹出初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);//默认true为可以改变窗口大小
    }

注意：左上角的坐标为(x:0,y:0)

封装窗口

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.BLUE);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.magenta);
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id=0;
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color c){
        super("MyFrame"+(++id));
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setBackground(c);
    }
}

Panel 面板

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        frame.setBackground(Color.green);
        frame.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        panel.setBackground(Color.blue);
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);

        frame.add(panel);

        //监听事件 监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0);
        //适配器模式：不用重写每一种方法
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

布局管理器

流式布局

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setSize(400,400);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

东西南北中

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button east = new Button("east");
        Button west = new Button("west");
        Button south = new Button("south");
        Button north = new Button("north");
        Button center = new Button("center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

表格布局

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);
        frame.pack();//自动填充窗口大小
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

综合运用

打印如下窗口：

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));

        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));

        p1.add(new Button("E"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("W"),BorderLayout.WEST);

        p2.add(new Button("1"));
        p2.add(new Button("2"));

        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);


        p3.add(new Button("E"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("W"),BorderLayout.WEST);

        p4.add(new Button("1"));
        p4.add(new Button("2"));
        p4.add(new Button("3"));
        p4.add(new Button("4"));

        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
    }

事件监听

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        WindowClose(frame);
    }

    private static void WindowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

一个类实现多个按钮的监听事件

public class TestAction2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示地定义触发会返回的命令，如果不定义则为默认值
        button1.setActionCommand("button1");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("msg:"+e.getActionCommand());
        if(e.getActionCommand().equals("button1")){
            
        }else if (e.getActionCommand().equals("stop")){
            
        }
    }
}

输入框TextField 监听

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);//继承了Frame，不需要用frame.add()

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下回车就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField t=(TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源，返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(t.getText());//获得输入框文本
        t.setText("");//替换回车后输入框中的文本
    }
}

简易计算器

简单实现加法计算：面向过程

public class TestCalculate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    public Calculator() {
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);

        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

优化实现加法计算：面向对象

public class TestCalculate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);

        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));//把自己传过去
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    Calculator calculator=null;
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator=calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类，更好地包装

public class TestCalculate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);

        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处就是可以轻松访问外部的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1=Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

画笔

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame {
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);

        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.drawRect(100,200,100,100);
    }
}

鼠标监听

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("drawing");
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    ArrayList points;

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //迭代器
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
        }
    }

    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    public MyFrame(String title) {
        super(title);
        setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);
        setVisible(true);
        //存鼠标点击的位置
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }

    //用implements MouseListener需要重写全部方法
    //适配器模式不用全部重写方法
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            points.add(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();//刷新
        }

    }
}

窗口监听

public class TestWindowListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBounds(100,100,400,400);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    //匿名内部类

                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                        WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                        source.setTitle("被激活了");
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                    }

                }
        );
    }
}

键盘监听

public class TestKeyboardListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(50,50,300,300);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获取键盘按下的键是哪一个
                int keyCode=e.getKeyCode();
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了↑键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

窗口、面板

public class JFrameDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame().init();
    }
}
class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,100,100);
        //获得一个容器
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("永失吾爱，举目破败",SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);设置水平居中
        add(jLabel);
    }
}

弹窗

弹窗默认有关闭事件

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        JButton jButton = new JButton("点我弹出对话框");
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        //点击这个按钮时弹出弹窗
        add(jButton);
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        //setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        JLabel l = new JLabel("痛");
        l.setSize(50,50);
        container.add(l);
    }
}

public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;
    public IconDemo(){}
    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标可以放在标签和按钮上
        JLabel label = new JLabel("iconTest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

图片icon

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片路径
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("img32.jpg");
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

面板

JPanel

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo(){
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数的作用是设置间距
        JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        //网格布局组件数超过其容纳个数会自动优化以容纳其他组件
        contentPane.add(jPanel1);
        contentPane.add(jPanel2);
        contentPane.add(jPanel3);
        contentPane.add(jPanel4);

        setSize(500,500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JScrollPanel

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("永失吾爱，举目破败");
        //SCroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        contentPane.add(jScrollPane);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setSize(300,350);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

按钮

图片按钮

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        //将一张图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("img32.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(resource);
        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton jButton = new JButton();
        jButton.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jButton.setToolTipText("这是悬浮提示文本");
        contentPane.add(jButton);
        setSize(300,300);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

单选按钮 JRadioButton

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        //单选框
        JRadioButton jRadioButton01 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton02 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton03 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");

        //分组，一个组中只能选一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(jRadioButton01);
        group.add(jRadioButton02);
        group.add(jRadioButton03);

        contentPane.add(jRadioButton01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton02,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        setSize(300,300);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

复选按钮 JCheckBox

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        JCheckBox box01 = new JCheckBox("box01");
        JCheckBox box02 = new JCheckBox("box02");

        contentPane.add(box01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(box02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        setSize(300,300);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

列表

下拉框

public class TestComboBox01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboBox01(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        contentPane.add(status);

        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboBox01();
    }
}

列表框

public class TestComboBox02 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboBox02(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        //String[] contents={"1","2","3"};
        //JList jList = new JList(contents);
        Vector vector = new Vector();
        JList jList = new JList(vector);
        vector.add("zhangsan");
        vector.add("lisi");

        contentPane.add(jList);

        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboBox02();
    }
}

文本框

文本框、密码框

public class TestText01 extends JFrame {
    public TestText01(){
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
		//文本框
        TextField textField = new TextField("hello");
        TextField textField2 = new TextField(",world",20);
        //密码框
		JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
        
        contentPane.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        contentPane.add(passwordField,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(passwordField);
        
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestText01();
    }
}

文本域

见Swing -> 面板 ->JScrollPanel

littleBboo

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