wxPython第一步

First Steps第一步

In this part of the wxPython tutorial, we will create some simple examples

本节教程中，我们创建一些简单的例子。

Simple example简单例子

We start with a very simple example. Our first script will only show a small window. It won't do much. We will analyze the script line by line. Here is the code

我们从最简单的例子开始，第一段代码只显示一个小窗口。不要紧，我们将一行一行进行代码分析。

import wx

app = wx.App()

frame = wx.Frame(None,-1,"simple.py")
frame.Show()

app.MainLoop()

这是我们的第一个例子

import wx：导入wxPython模块。

app=wx.App()：每个wxPython程序必须

frame = wx.Frame(None,-1,"simple.py")
frame.Show()

我们创建一个frame，它就是一个wx.Frame

然后调用它的Show()方法让它显示出来。

最后一行进入mainloop语句。这个mainloop语句是无休止的循环。

wx.Frame

wx.Frame widget is one of the most important widgets in wxPython. It is a container widget. It means that it can contain other widgets. Actually it can contain any window that is not a frame or dialog. wx.Frame consists of a title bar, borders and a central container area. The title bar and borders are optional. They can be removed by various flags.

wx.Frame是wxPython中最重要的部件。它是一个窗口，意思是它可以包含其它部件。实际上它可以包含任意窗口或者对话框。wx.Frame包括一个标题栏，边界，中心区域。标题与边界是可选的。

wx.Frame has the following constructor. As we can see, it has seven parameters. The first parameter does not have a default value. The other six parameters do have. Those four parameters are optional. The first three are mandatory.

wx.Frame具有以下构造函数。像我们看到的，它有七个参数。第一个参数没有默认值，其它六个都有，四个参数可选，头三个是强制性的。

wx.Frame(wx.Window parent, int id=-1, string title='', wx.Point pos = wx.DefaultPosition, 
                 wx.Size size = wx.DefaultSize, style = wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE, string name = "frame")

import wx
app = wx.App()

window = wx.Frame(None,style=wx.MAXIMIZE_BOX|wx.RESIZE_BORDER
                  |wx.SYSTEM_MENU|wx.CAPTION|wx.CLOSE_BOX)
window.Show()

app.MainLoop()

看上面这段代码，运行起来时，窗口没有了最小化。

Size and Position尺寸与位置

We can specify the size of our application in two ways. We have a size parameter in the constructor of our widget. Or we can call the SetSize() method.

有两个方法可以指定程序的大小：1.用指定的参数指定大小；2.用SetSize()方法

import wx
class Example(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent,title):
        super(Example,self).__init__(parent,title=title,size=(250,200))
        self.Show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    Example(None,title='Size')
    app.MainLoop()

在这个示例中,应用程序将为250 x200 px

def __init__(self,parent,title):
        super(Example,self).__init__(parent,title=title,size=(250,200))

同样地：我们可以指定程序的位置。

Move(wx.Point point)：移动窗口至指定位置。

MoveXY(int x,int y)：移动窗口至指定位置。

SetPosition(wx.Point point)：设置窗口的位置。

SetDimensions(wx.Point point,wx.Size size)：位置与大小

import wx
class Example(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent,title):
        super(Example,self).__init__(parent,title=title,size=(250,200))
        self.Move((800,250))
        self.Show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    Example(None,title='Size')
    app.MainLoop()

Centering on the screen

If we want to center our application on the screen, wxPython has a handy method. The Centre() method simply centers the window on the screen. No need to calculate the width and the height of the screen. Simply call the method.

将窗口居中：

import wx
class Example(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent,title):
        super(Example,self).__init__(parent,title=title,size=(250,200))
        self.Centre()
        self.Show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    Example(None,title='Size')
    app.MainLoop()