ARM9+Linux下USB摄像头图像采集

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-08 12:03:47 发布

JeekHell

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-08 12:03:47 发布

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终于实现了在Micro2440+Linux2.6.29环境下通过NFS文件系统实现USB摄像头图像采集。在此，做一个总结，以备后续参考。

实验条件：RedHat9.0（内核版本2.4.18），Micro2440开发板，Linux2.6.29（arm9），ANC （Vimicro Corp.） USB PC摄像头，GCC，SDL-1.2.14.tar，servfox-R1_1_3[1].tar，spcaview-20061208[1].tar。

一、升级Redhat9.0内核

由于Readhat9.0内核版本是2.4，很多内核驱动未包含其中，尤其是USB万能摄像头GSPCA和UVC。

二、配置编译Micro2440上运行内核

重新编译Micro2440上运行的内核，配置V4L和USB驱动。选择linux-2.6.29中的config-mini2440为参考，执行：cp config-mini2440 .config;然后make menuconfig ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-;出现相应的图形化配置窗口。

如果需要在Linux操作系统中使用USB摄像头进行视频数据采集，则必须在进行内核配置时，应检查Linux 内核中是否已经添加了对Video4Linux驱动和对USB摄像头驱动模块的支持。

利用Linux内核配置make menuconfig命令对Video4Linux支持驱动进行配置，选中多媒体设备选项“Multimedia device－>”（如图15-1所示）按回车，进入多媒体设备配置界面。在多媒体配置界面中，选中“Video For Linux”，就可以使内核实现对Video4Linux驱动的支持，为视频采集设备提供编程接口。

配置好内核对Video4Linux驱动后，返回内核配置主界面，选中USB支持选项（如图15-3 所示）“USB support—>” 按回车，进入USB支持配置界面

配置完成后，执行make uImage ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-。完成后，uImage就生成在arch/arm/boot/中。通过uboot下载uImage到内存中，启动内核，实现NFS起文件系统。

三、安装SDL-1.2.14

因为在redhat9.0中显示视频图像，调用spcaview（后面介绍）需要有SDL库的支持，否则会报错。所以，将SDL-1.2.14.tar下载传送到系统中，解压后执行.configure；make；make install。完成SDL库的安装。

四、servfox-R1_1_3工具

下载Servfox-R1_1_3解压进入其目录，将其中的Makefile.arm修改为Makefile，并修改Makefile里面的CC为arm -linux -gcc，因为默认的是加载的动态库，因此还需要修改Makefile中的SERVFLAGS为SERVFLAGS= -O2 –DLINUX $(WARNINGS) –static，其中-static是我们添加的内容，make之后生成servfox。

五、 spcaview，redhat9.0下的视频显示工具
下载spcaview源码包解压，进入解压后的目录，make后会报错，一般需要安装SDL库，去网上下载后安装SDL库，在PC 机上安装SDL库：

解压：tar xvf SDL-1.2.13.tar.tar

配置：./configure

编译：make

安装：make install

进入spcaview解压目录修改Makefile中的修改Makefile中的SDLLIBS =$(shell sdl-config --libs) 和 SDLFLAGS = $(shell sdl-config --cflags)，这两句主要是指定了SDL库的库路径和编译选项。Make之后生成spcaview，在客户端运行spcaview –w 服务器ip：服务器端口号。就可以采集图像了，

[root@jxboylj spcaview-20061208]# ./spcaview -g -w 10.103.4.211:7070
Spcaview version: 1.1.7 date: 06:11:2006 (C) mxhaard@magic.fr
using Server 10.103.4.211 Port 7070

六、测试

将新编译的内核加载到ARM上，通过NFS文件系统运行servfox ：

# ./servfox -d /dev/video0 -g -s 640x480 -w 7070

servfox version: 1.1.3 date: 11:12:2005 (C) mxhaard@magic.fr

wrong spca5xx device

Waiting .... for connection. CTrl_c to stop !!!!

Got connection from 10.103.4.216

在redhat9.0中执行spcaview：

[root@jxboylj spcaview-20061208]# ./spcaview -g -w 10.103.4.211:7070
Spcaview version: 1.1.7 date: 06:11:2006 (C) mxhaard@magic.fr
using Server 10.103.4.211 Port 7070

此时，视频能在redhat9.0窗口中显示，如图所示。

七、总结

在实现图像采集的过程中，碰到很多问题，尝试过很多方法，走了很多弯路，虽然很多碰壁，但也有不少收获。

编译内核：尝试编译高版本的内核，或者编译新内核的时候，最好选择和现有的配置文件相近的系统的配置文件作为参考。在原有基础上增加一些模块，编译，然后试验。如果一次性增加模块过多，容易造成编译错误等问题。

编译工具：在编译某些插件的时候，如：servfox、spcaview等，经常会报一些文件未定义、库不存在等错误，一般是由于系统缺少相应的库文件，需要下载安装，如SDL，或者由于系统本身版本不匹配，库文件安装位置不符造成。熟练运用goole、百度进行搜索，找到问题解决方法。同时，很多工具、库、插件等在开源社区网站都有稳定版本下载，使用这些网站提供的版本可靠性更好。

重点难点：makefile、kconfig等文件的书写，kit工具使用等。

附录：视频采集源代码分析(看代码采用Lucida Console或者Consolas等宽字体较好，0和o区别明显，不易混淆)

* V4L2 video capture example

* This program can be used and distributed without restrictions.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <assert.h>

#include <getopt.h> /* getopt_long() */

#include <fcntl.h> /* low-level i/o */

#include <unistd.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <malloc.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/time.h>

#include <sys/mman.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <asm/types.h> /* for videodev2.h */

#include <linux/videodev2.h>

#define CLEAR(x) memset (&(x), 0, sizeof (x))

typedef enum {

IO_METHOD_READ,

IO_METHOD_MMAP,

IO_METHOD_USERPTR,

} io_method; //一共有三种视频采集方式：使用read、write方式；内存映射方式和用户指针模式

struct buffer {

void * start;

size_t length;

}; // 定义缓冲区

static char * dev_name = NULL; // 设备名称，可根据设备名打开设备

static io_method io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;// 视频采集方式，内存映射方式

static int fd = -1;

struct buffer * buffers = NULL;

static unsigned int n_buffers = 0;

static void errno_exit (const char *s)// 错误退出，并打印错误信息

{

fprintf (stderr, "%s error %d, %s\n",s, errno, strerror (errno));

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

static intxioctl (int fd,int request,void *arg)// 根据参数对设备进行控制

{

int r;

do r = ioctl (fd, request, arg);

while (-1 == r && EINTR == errno);

return r;

}

static void process_image (const void * p)// 图像处理

{

fputc ('.', stdout);

fflush (stdout);// 刷新输出缓冲

}

static int read_frame (void)// 对图像帧进行读取

{

struct v4l2_buffer buf;//这是视频接口V4L2中相关文件定义的，在videodev2.h中

unsigned int i;

switch (io)

case IO_METHOD_READ:

if (-1 == read (fd, buffers[0].start, buffers[0].length)) {

switch (errno) {

case EAGAIN:

return 0;

case EIO:

/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */

/* fall through */

default:

errno_exit ("read");

}

process_image (buffers[0].start);

break;

case IO_METHOD_MMAP://采用内存映射的方式

CLEAR (buf);//对缓冲区清零

buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf)) {

//VIDIOC_DQBUF控制参数作用是申请视频缓冲区

switch (errno) {

case EAGAIN:

return 0;

case EIO:

/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */

/* fall through */

default:

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_DQBUF");

}

assert (buf.index < n_buffers);

process_image (buffers[buf.index].start);

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_QBUF");

break;

case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:

CLEAR (buf);

buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf)) {

switch (errno) {

case EAGAIN:

return 0;

case EIO:

/* Could ignore EIO, see spec. */

/* fall through */

default:

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_DQBUF");

}

for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)

if (buf.m.userptr == (unsigned long) buffers[i].start

&& buf.length == buffers[i].length)

break;

assert (i < n_buffers);

process_image ((void *) buf.m.userptr);

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_QBUF");

break;

}

return 1;

}

static void mainloop (void)//循环采集

{

unsigned int count;

count = 100;

while (count-- > 0) {

for (;;) {

fd_set fds;

struct timeval tv;//时间结构体

int r;

FD_ZERO (&fds);//清零

FD_SET (fd, &fds);

/* Timeout. */

tv.tv_sec = 2;

tv.tv_usec = 0;

r = select (fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);//等待一帧图像采集完成，超时定为2秒

if (-1 == r) {

if (EINTR == errno)

continue;

errno_exit ("select");

}

if (0 == r) {

fprintf (stderr, "select timeout\n");

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

if (read_frame ())//读取一帧图像

break;

/* EAGAIN - continue select loop. */

}

static void stop_capturing (void)//终止采集

{

enum v4l2_buf_type type;

switch (io) {

case IO_METHOD_READ:

/* Nothing to do. */

break;

case IO_METHOD_MMAP:

case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:

type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &type))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_STREAMOFF");

break;

}

static void start_capturing (void)//开始采集

{

unsigned int i;

enum v4l2_buf_type type;

switch (io) {

case IO_METHOD_READ:

/* Nothing to do. */

break;

case IO_METHOD_MMAP:

for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i) {

struct v4l2_buffer buf;

CLEAR (buf);

buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

buf.index = i;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_QBUF");

}

type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_STREAMON");

break;

case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:

for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i) {

struct v4l2_buffer buf;

CLEAR (buf);

buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;

buf.index = i;

buf.m.userptr = (unsigned long) buffers[i].start;

buf.length = buffers[i].length;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_QBUF");

}

type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_STREAMON");

break;

}

static void uninit_device (void)//卸载设备

{

unsigned int i;

switch (io) {

case IO_METHOD_READ:

free (buffers[0].start);

break;

case IO_METHOD_MMAP:

for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)

if (-1 == munmap (buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))

errno_exit ("munmap");

break;

case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:

for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)

free (buffers[i].start);

break;

}

free (buffers);

}

static void init_read (unsigned int buffer_size)//初始化读取

{

buffers = calloc (1, sizeof (*buffers));

if (!buffers) {

fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory\n");

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

buffers[0].length = buffer_size;

buffers[0].start = malloc (buffer_size);

if (!buffers[0].start) {

fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory\n");

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

static void init_mmap (void)//初始化内存映射

{

struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;

CLEAR (req);

req.count = 4;

req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req)) {

if (EINVAL == errno) {

fprintf (stderr, "%s does not support "

"memory mapping\n", dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

} else {

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");

}

if (req.count < 2) {

fprintf (stderr, "Insufficient buffer memory on %s\n",

dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

buffers = calloc (req.count, sizeof (*buffers));

if (!buffers) {

fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory\n");

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < req.count; ++n_buffers) {

struct v4l2_buffer buf; //代表驱动中的一帧

CLEAR (buf);

buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

buf.index = n_buffers;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF");

buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;

buffers[n_buffers].start =

mmap (NULL /* start anywhere */,

buf.length,

PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,

MAP_SHARED /* recommended */,

fd, buf.m.offset);

if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[n_buffers].start)

errno_exit ("mmap");

}

static void init_userp (unsigned int buffer_size)

{

struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;

unsigned int page_size;

page_size = getpagesize ();

buffer_size = (buffer_size + page_size - 1) & ~(page_size - 1);

CLEAR (req);

req.count = 4;

req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req)) {

if (EINVAL == errno) {

fprintf (stderr, "%s does not support "

"user pointer i/o\n", dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

} else {

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_REQBUFS");

}

buffers = calloc (4, sizeof (*buffers));

if (!buffers) {

fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory\n");

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < 4; ++n_buffers) {

buffers[n_buffers].length = buffer_size;

buffers[n_buffers].start = memalign (/* boundary */ page_size,

buffer_size);

if (!buffers[n_buffers].start) {

fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory\n");

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

static void init_device (void)

{

struct v4l2_capability cap;

struct v4l2_cropcap cropcap;

struct v4l2_crop crop;

struct v4l2_format fmt;

unsigned int min;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap)) {

if (EINVAL == errno) {

fprintf (stderr, "%s is no V4L2 device\n",

dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

} else {

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_QUERYCAP");

}

if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {

fprintf (stderr, "%s is no video capture device\n",

dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

switch (io) {

case IO_METHOD_READ:

if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_READWRITE)) {

fprintf (stderr, "%s does not support read i/o\n",

dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

break;

case IO_METHOD_MMAP:

case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:

if (!(cap.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_STREAMING)) {

fprintf (stderr, "%s does not support streaming i/o\n",

dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

break;

}

/* Select video input, video standard and tune here. */

CLEAR (cropcap);

cropcap.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

if (0 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_CROPCAP, &cropcap)) {

crop.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

crop.c = cropcap.defrect; /* reset to default */

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_S_CROP, &crop)) {

switch (errno) {

case EINVAL:

/* Cropping not supported. */

break;

default:

/* Errors ignored. */

break;

}

} else {

/* Errors ignored. */

}

CLEAR (fmt);

fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

fmt.fmt.pix.width = 640;

fmt.fmt.pix.height = 480;

fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;

fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;

if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt))

errno_exit ("VIDIOC_S_FMT");

/* Note VIDIOC_S_FMT may change width and height. */

/* Buggy driver paranoia. */

min = fmt.fmt.pix.width * 2;

if (fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline < min)

fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline = min;

min = fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline * fmt.fmt.pix.height;

if (fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage < min)

fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage = min;

switch (io) {

case IO_METHOD_READ:

init_read (fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);

break;

case IO_METHOD_MMAP:

init_mmap ();

break;

case IO_METHOD_USERPTR:

init_userp (fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage);

break;

}

static void close_device (void)

{

if (-1 == close (fd))

errno_exit ("close");

fd = -1;

}

static void open_device (void)

{

struct stat st;

if (-1 == stat (dev_name, &st)) {

fprintf (stderr, "Cannot identify '%s': %d, %s\n",

dev_name, errno, strerror (errno));

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

if (!S_ISCHR (st.st_mode)) {

fprintf (stderr, "%s is no device\n", dev_name);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

fd = open (dev_name, O_RDWR /* required */ | O_NONBLOCK, 0);

if (-1 == fd) {

fprintf (stderr, "Cannot open '%s': %d, %s\n",

dev_name, errno, strerror (errno));

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

static void usage (FILE * fp, int argc,char ** argv)

{

fprintf (fp,

"Usage: %s [options]\n\n"

"Options:\n"

"-d | --device name Video device name [/dev/video]\n"

"-h | --help Print this message\n"

"-m | --mmap Use memory mapped buffers\n"

"-r | --read Use read() calls\n"

"-u | --userp Use application allocated buffers\n"

"",

argv[0]);

}

static const char short_options [] = "d:hmru";

static const struct option

long_options [] = {

{ "device", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },

{ "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },

{ "mmap", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },

{ "read", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },

{ "userp", no_argument, NULL, 'u' },

{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }

};

int main (int argc,char ** argv)

{

dev_name = "/dev/video0";

for (;;) {

int index;

int c;

//参数解析

c = getopt_long (argc, argv,

short_options, long_options,

&index);

if (-1 == c)

break;

switch (c) {

case 0: /* getopt_long() flag */

break;

case 'd':

dev_name = optarg;//option中的参数

break;

case 'h':

usage (stdout, argc, argv);

exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);

case 'm':

io = IO_METHOD_MMAP;

break;

case 'r':

io = IO_METHOD_READ;

break;

case 'u':

io = IO_METHOD_USERPTR;

break;

default:

usage (stderr, argc, argv);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

open_device ();

init_device ();

start_capturing ();

mainloop ();

stop_capturing ();

uninit_device ();

close_device ();

exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);

return 0;

}

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ARM9+Linux下USB摄像头图像采集

终于实现了在Micro2440+Linux2.6.29环境下通过NFS文件系统实现USB摄像头图像采集。在此，做一个总结，以备后续参考。实验条件：RedHat9.0（内核版本2.4.18），Micro2440开发板，Linux2.6.29（arm9），ANC （Vimicro Corp.） USB PC摄像头，GCC，SDL-1.2.14.tar，servfox-R1_1_3[1].ta
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