Spring学习第二天---Spring配置和依赖注入

1. Spring配置

1.1 别名

    <bean id="user" class="com.lu.pojo.User">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="秦时明月"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

    <alias name="user" alias="newuser"></alias>

1.2 Bean的配置

<!--    id:bean的唯一标识符，也就是相当于我们学的对象名
    class：bean对象所对应的全限定名：包名 + 类型
    name:也是别名，而且name可以同时取多个别名-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.lu.pojo.User" name="newuser2 newuser3">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="秦时明月"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

1.3 import 

一般用于团队开发使用，他可以将多个配置文件，导入合并为一个

假设，现在项目中有多个人开发，这三个人负责不同的类开发，不同的类需要注册在不同的bean中，我们可以利用import将所有人的beans.xml合并为一个总的！

applicationContext.xml

    <import resource="beans.xml"></import>
    <import resource="beans2.xml"></import>
    <import resource="beans3.xml"></import>

使用的时候，直接使用总的配置就可以了

 

 

2. 依赖注入

 

2.1 构造器注入

 

2.2 Set方式注入

依赖注入：Set注入！

• 依赖：bean对象的创建依赖于容器！
• 注入：bean对象的所有属性，由容器来注入！

【环境搭建】

1.复杂类型

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

2.真实测试环境

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

3.beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">


    <bean id="student" class="com.lu.pojo.Student">
        <property name="name" value="卢兴才"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

4.测试类

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }
}

5.完善注入信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">


    <bean id="address" class="com.lu.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="青岛"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.lu.pojo.Student">
        <!--第一种，普通注入，value-->
        <property name="name" value="弋寒"></property>

        <!--第二种，Bean注入，ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"></property>

        <!--数组注入，ref-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!--List-->
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>看电影</value>
                <value>敲代码</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!--Map-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="123456"></entry>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="654321"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!--Set-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>王者荣耀</value>
                <value>COC</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!--null-->
        <property name="wife" value=""></property>

        <!--Properties-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">201707345</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
                <prop key="姓名">小明</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

 

 

2.3 拓展方式注入

我们可以用p命名和c命名空间进行注入

官方解释：

p:

c:

使用：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性的值：property-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.lu.pojo.User" p:name="小明" p:age="15"></bean>

    <!--c命名空间注入，通过构造器注入:construct-args-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.lu.pojo.User" c:age="18" c:name="小红"></bean>
</beans>

测试：

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
        User user = (User)context.getBean("user2");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }

注意点：p命名和c命名空间不知能直接使用，需要导入xml约束

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

 

2.4 bean的作用域

1.单例模式（Spring的默认机制）

<bean id="user" class="com.lu.pojo.User" p:name="小明" p:age="15" scope="singleton"></bean>

2.原型模式;每次从容器中get的时候，都会产生一个新对象！

<bean id="accountService" class="com.something.DefaultAccountService" scope="prototype"/>

3.其余的request,session,application,这些个只能在web开发中使用到！