本文写于2018.12
以太坊学习day1
- 区块链原理演示demo
https://anders.com/blockchain/blockchain.html
使用geth搭建自己的私链(单节点)
请先安装geth, 并将geth添加到环境变量
-
1.在某个目录下, 这里以
C:\Users\yqq\eth\persondata为例, 创建创世区块信息 文件genesis.json, 内容如下:{ "config": { "chainId": 15, "homesteadBlock": 0, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0 }, "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "difficulty": "0x40000", "extraData": "", "gasLimit": "0xffffffff", "nonce": "0x0000000000000042", "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "timestamp": "0x00", "alloc": {} } -
2.初始化
geth --datadir node1 init genesis.json, 特别注意: 每创建一个新节点, 必须先初始化, 否则后面会各种坑!!!C:\Users\yqq\eth\persondata>geth --datadir node1 init genesis.json INFO [12-17|23:57:12.910] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25 INFO [12-17|23:57:12.947] Allocated cache and file handles database=C:\\Users\\yqq\\eth\\persondata\\node1\\geth\\chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [12-17|23:57:12.981] Writing custom genesis block INFO [12-17|23:57:12.984] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=0s gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [12-17|23:57:12.990] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=a0e580…a5e82e INFO [12-17|23:57:12.998] Allocated cache and file handles database=C:\\Users\\yqq\\eth\\persondata\\node1\\geth\\lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [12-17|23:57:13.022] Writing custom genesis block INFO [12-17|23:57:13.027] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=0s gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [12-17|23:57:13.031] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=a0e580…a5e82e -
3.打开一个cmd窗口, 启动服务器
geth --datadir node1 --ipcpath node1/geth.ipc --networkid 55 --port 10009 --nodiscover--datadir 指定数据存放目录 --ipcpath 指定ipc文件存放目录, 控制台连接时需要用到ipc文件 --networkid 指定网络id, 如果要搭建多个节点, 必须使用同一个networkid, 否则, admin.addPeer会失败(这是我踩过的坑!!) --port 指定端口, 多节点必须使用不同的端口, 否则会冲突 --nodiscover 防止被网络上其他人发现, 但是可以通过 admin.addPeer进行添加对端节点 -
4.打开另外一个cmd窗口进行连接服务器
geth attach ipc:\\.\pipe\node1\geth.ipc> eth.accounts [] > personal.newAccount("111") //创建用户, 密码是 "111" "0xe41aa565490e3d7971c25c1c1218e61a48455c92" > > personal.newAccount("111") "0x808fd82922556f0148787e3663ed0181e65c0f61" > > > eth.accounts //查看用户 ["0xe41aa565490e3d7971c25c1c1218e61a48455c92", "0x808fd82922556f0148787e3663ed0181e65c0f61"] > > > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 0 > > eth.coinbase //查看挖矿人 "0xe41aa565490e3d7971c25c1c1218e61a48455c92" > > miner.start(5) //开启5个线程, 开始挖矿, 此时服务端开始挖矿 , 耐心等待两分钟 //Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=XXX , 当达到100%时就可以开始挖到矿了 null > miner.stop() null > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 25000000000000000000 > > eth.blockNumber 5 > > eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0], to:eth.accounts[1], value:web3.toWei(2, "ether")}) //这里需要解锁 Error: authentication needed: password or unlock at web3.js:3143:20 at web3.js:6347:15 at web3.js:5081:36 at <anonymous>:1:1 > personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0]) Unlock account 0xe41aa565490e3d7971c25c1c1218e61a48455c92 Passphrase: //这里输入密码 111 即可 true > eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0], to:eth.accounts[1], value:web3.toWei(2, "ether")}) "0x7973906595c5b3bd066c126f7f966a4d94b36c0383fc5050a85239af05ccf80a" > > txpool.status //查看交易池中的状态, 可以看到一个交易在pending { pending: 1, queued: 0 } > > miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1]) //设置挖矿用户 true > miner.start(5) //开始挖矿, 稍微等待, 等服务器显示挖到了矿在停止挖矿 > eth.blockNumber 9 > eth.blockNumber 9 > eth.blockNumber 10 > miner.stop() null > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]) 52000021000000000000 > web3.fromWei( eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]), "ether") 52.000021 挖矿所得 + 交易手续费 > > -
5.总结: 经过上面几步我们实现了单个节点的挖矿+转账交易.
使用geth搭建自己的私链(多节点)
在上面的基础上, 我们在新建一个节点node2, 命令如下:
1.初始化(新建节点前必须初始化!!): geth --datadir node2 init genesis.json
2.启动服务端: geth --datadir node2 --ipcpath node2/geth.ipc --networkid 55 --port 10010 --nodiscover //注意: --networkid 必须与node1节点保持一致!!
3.打开另外的cmd, 进行连接服务端: geth attach ipc:\\.\pipe\node2\geth.ipc
添加节点
-
node1控制台
> admin.nodeInfo.enode //查看本节点地址 "enode://0e83568d7f443764ac036080f694c1278b3df6d1f507616db91fabfc4c6ce080901a9fc0ab3b9c36757b7d2743184d8bf8c0dea918988686c7447cb5e1d2ae51@163.125.179.72:10009?discport=0" -
node2控制台
> personal.newAccount("111") "0x48e33e5121497eda40697341e405d4adb8b60984" > > eth.coinbase "0xd18d089990d8d6e8aeeb3965edac1df740fb749e" > > admin.peers [] > > admin.nodeInfo { enode: "enode://72634a41f51c8c75650ec5e416daa5578edb98592ee2898cde6ac1ca50c44b14016bf0a353dbd85cf1ef42c841a06052f5d253de329c2bf5324d211d8756d0c0@163.125.179.72:10010?discport=0", enr: "0xf88fb8408b691c58760e023c9ab87efcec4bd9582c76b2a8f948444bf2262d4f0b0143b638d42ece43c951ccc910c3946222ead456956514e52142890ca4101af375e3f60283636170c6c5836574683f82696482763482697084a37db34889736563703235366b31a10272634a41f51c8c75650ec5e416daa5578edb98592ee2898cde6ac1ca50c44b148374637082271a", id: "11ef6d692fc5ce19e67767bc9661df9088031254304064808e8af5e00e3f2392", ip: "163.125.179.72", listenAddr: "[::]:10010", name: "Geth/v1.8.20-stable-24d727b6/windows-amd64/go1.11.2", ports: { discovery: 0, listener: 10010 }, protocols: { eth: { config: { chainId: 15, eip150Hash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", eip155Block: 0, eip158Block: 0, homesteadBlock: 0 }, difficulty: 262144, genesis: "0xa0e580c6769ac3dd80894b2a256164a76b796839d2eb7f799ef6b9850ea5e82e", head: "0xa0e580c6769ac3dd80894b2a256164a76b796839d2eb7f799ef6b9850ea5e82e", network: 55 } } } > > > admin.addPeer("enode://0e83568d7f443764ac036080f694c1278b3df6d1f507616db91fabfc4c6ce080901a9fc0ab3b9c36757b7d2743184d8bf8c0dea918988686c7447cb5e1d2ae51@163.125.179.72:10009?discport=0") //添加node1 true > > admin.peers //可以看到, 已经添加成功 [{ caps: ["eth/63"], enode: "enode://0e83568d7f443764ac036080f694c1278b3df6d1f507616db91fabfc4c6ce080901a9fc0ab3b9c36757b7d2743184d8bf8c0dea918988686c7447cb5e1d2ae51@163.125.179.72:10009?discport=0", id: "6fb555a6ec8b19e3c3c1a4dd2b8a15e6f50dede36dedec6dea4bb905fd082f86", //node1的id name: "Geth/v1.8.20-stable-24d727b6/windows-amd64/go1.11.2", network: { inbound: false, localAddress: "192.168.10.126:56674", remoteAddress: "163.125.179.72:10009", static: true, trusted: false }, protocols: { eth: { difficulty: 3947161, head: "0x15df03da3ca1c75857fee397d768bb4dab3d924009984020a53fa4b642676ee5", version: 63 } } }] >
转账
node1 eth.accounts[0] 向node2 eth.accounts[0]转账, node2 eth.accounts[1] 负责挖矿.
-
node1
> eth.getBalance(user1) ReferenceError: 'user1' is not defined at <anonymous>:1:16 > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 22999979000000000000 > > > eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0], to:"0xd18d089990d8d6e8aeeb3965edac1df740fb749e", value:web3.toWei(15, "ether")}) Error: authentication needed: password or unlock at web3.js:3143:20 at web3.js:6347:15 at web3.js:5081:36 at <anonymous>:1:1 > personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0]) Unlock account 0xe41aa565490e3d7971c25c1c1218e61a48455c92 Passphrase: //输入密码, 进行解锁 true > eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0], to:"0xd18d089990d8d6e8aeeb3965edac1df740fb749e", value:web3.toWei(15, "ether")}) "0xb7e392e0f8edb744f9c15716e8a4f5fef1c6ce944284e7f6a23abd875b09eb75" > txpool.status { pending: 1, //交易pending中 queued: 0 } > txpool.status { pending: 0, //交易完成 queued: 0 } > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 7999958000000000000 //减少了 15eth + 一些手续费 > -
node2
> admin.peers //查看对端节点信息
[{
caps: ["eth/63"],
enode: "enode://0e83568d7f443764ac036080f694c1278b3df6d1f507616db91fabfc4c6ce080901a9fc0ab3b9c36757b7d2743184d8bf8c0dea918988686c7447cb5e1d2ae51@163.125.179.72:10009?discport=0",
id: "6fb555a6ec8b19e3c3c1a4dd2b8a15e6f50dede36dedec6dea4bb905fd082f86", //节点1 的信息
name: "Geth/v1.8.20-stable-24d727b6/windows-amd64/go1.11.2",
network: {
inbound: false,
localAddress: "192.168.10.126:56674",
remoteAddress: "163.125.179.72:10009",
static: true,
trusted: false
},
protocols: {
eth: {
difficulty: 3947161,
head: "0x15df03da3ca1c75857fee397d768bb4dab3d924009984020a53fa4b642676ee5",
version: 63
}
}
}]
>
> eth.getBalance( eth.accounts[0])
0
> eth.accounts[0]
"0xd18d089990d8d6e8aeeb3965edac1df740fb749e"
>
> txpool.status
{
pending: 1, //node1的转账交易, 已经处于 pending状态, 等待矿工挖矿
queued: 0
}
>
>
> miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1]) //设置挖矿人
true
>
> miner.start(5) //开始挖矿(将交易打包), 指定开启5个线程
null
> miner.stop() //停止挖矿
null
>
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
15000000000000000000 //已经收到node1第0个用户转来的钱
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])
70000021000000000000 //node2节点 挖矿 + 一笔交易手续费
>
踩过的坑
- 1.miner.start()之后返回null, 以为挖矿失败了, 其实服务端正在挖矿, 第一次挖矿需要等一下 , 直到
Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=XXX中的percentage为100时, 才真正挖到了矿. miner.stop() 返回null, 其实也需要等待一下才真正停止挖矿. - 2.启动服务端时两个节点的
--networkid设置的不一样, 导致 admin.addPeer()时总是不成功!! - 3.window指定ipc文件和 linux指定ipc的方式不同, window是
\\.\\pipe\\你指定目录请参考上面的例子; linux实在 --datadir目录下geth.ipc
geth+Mist搭建私链
-
1.关闭Mist, 在一个新目录(这里以
C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe为例)初始化一个新的节点C:\Users\yqq\eth\gethmist>geth --datadir nodeA init genesis.json -
2.启动节点服务端, 启动的时候指定创建ipc的路径, Mist会使用这个ipc(即
\\.\pipe\geth.ipc)与当前节点相连C:\Users\yqq\eth\gethmist>geth --datadir nodeA --networkid 55 --port 10999 --nodiscover --ipcpath \\.\pipe\geth.ipc -
3.启动客户端console , 连接nodeA
C:\Users\yqq\eth\gethmist>geth attach ipc:\\.\pipe\geth.ipc //指定ipc, 连接服务端 Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! instance: Geth/v1.8.20-stable-24d727b6/windows-amd64/go1.11.2 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0 > > eth.accounts [] > personal.newAccount("111") //创建一个用户 "0xc1b58d997c122208103a74aa3b12a4a9c73cf4e7" > -
4.启动Mist, 设置网络是 Rinkeby, 如果本来是Rinkeby就不需要设置(Mist默认是Rinbkey,可以根据自己需要设置其他网络). 当Mist启动后, 可以看到刚创建的用户了, 如下图:
-
5.启动
C:\Users\yqq\eth\persondata中的node1节点geth --datadir node1 --networkid 55 --nodiscover --port 10333 --ipcpath node1\geth.ipc geth attach ipc:\\.\pipe\node1\geth.ipc //启动console -
在nodeA中添加node1为对端节点, 然后, 从nodeA的账户想node1节点账户转账, 并开始挖矿, 转账结果如下:
注意点
- 1.Mist启动时会通过会打开
\\.\pipe\geth.ipc, 所以, 在启动nodeA节点时需要指定--ipcpath \\.\pipe\geth.ipc
2168
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
