本文介绍了C++中的scanf函数，重点讲解了其对输入字符的处理方式。当遇到空白字符时，函数会忽略直至遇到非空白字符。单个空格在格式字符串中表示匹配任意数量的空格。非空白字符必须在输入流中找到匹配，否则函数失败。格式说明符（%）用于指定从流中读取的数据类型和格式。
官方介绍 http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdio/scanf/
C string that contains a sequence of characters that control how characters extracted from the stream are treated:
Whitespace character: the function will read and ignore any whitespace characters encountered before the next non-whitespace character (whitespace characters include spaces, newline and tab characters – see isspace). A single whitespace in the format string validates any quantity of whitespace characters extracted from the stream (including none).
Non-whitespace character, except format specifier (%): Any character that is not either a whitespace character (blank, newline or tab) or part of a format specifier (which begin with a % character) causes the function to read the next character from the stream, compare it to this non-whitespace character and if it matches, it
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