存储软Raid 10配置

存储Raid 10配置
环境CentOs 5.4:
Raid10原理:
创建Raid10,至少需要4块磁盘,以4块磁盘为例子(2D(mirroring)+2D(stripping))
对数据存入先做镜像(备份)，而后做条带操作(数据分割),并行的写入磁盘中，即保证数据安全性，又提高数据存取速度.
其缺点：存储容量利用率低，单位成本非常高.
Raid10创建：
假设有如下4块磁盘:
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd
/dev/sde
1.对每块磁盘分区，每块磁盘只一个主分区
fdisk -l #显示磁盘信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 512 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         512      524272   83  Linux  #标记已作分区

Disk /dev/sdf: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 512 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes

Disk /dev/sdf doesn't contain a valid partition table #新插入磁盘，没有做任何动作

2.fdisk /dev/sdf #对磁盘进行分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-512, default 1): 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-512, default 512): 512

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
#到这里表示/dev/sdf已被分区;

3.格式化/dev/sdf1
mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdf1 #也可以使用ext4格式

#经过上述磁盘分区和格式化后，看到4个分区:/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1,/dev/sdd1,/dev/sde1

4.建立Raid10
mdadm --create --auto=yes /dev/md10 --level=10 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e}1

5.查看
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid10] 
md10 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sde1[3] sdd1[2] sdc1[1]
      1048320 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU]
     
unused devices: <none>

6.格式化raid10
mkfs.ext3 /dev/md10

5.挂载
mkdir /mnt/raid10
mount /dev/md10 /mnt/raid10

6.查看是否挂载上
df -lh 

7.测试
hdparm -tT /dev/md10
/dev/md10:
 Timing cached reads:   5968 MB in  2.00 seconds = 2988.82 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads:   70 MB in  3.03 seconds =  23.11 MB/sec

8.设置开机自动启动Raid，且自动挂载
8.1查看UUID号
mdadm --detail /dev/md10

UUID : 028d36d3:fa15f8d5:2ef600e1:e532ee1d
8.2 UUID添加到vi /etc/mdadm.conf

ARRAY /dev/md10 UUID=028d36d3:fa15f8d5:2ef600e1:e532ee1d

或mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf

9.设置开机自动挂载

vi /etc/fstab
/dev/md10  /media/raid10 ext3 defaults  1 2

综上,Raid10创建完成,自启动Raid,开机自动挂载
备注:如果因重启服务器,导致之前创建的Raid消失,必须要记住所创建Raid名称，
执行如下命令，启动Raid;
mdadm --assemble /dev/md10 /dev/sd{b,c,e,f}1