谈谈python之模块array

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>>> import array#定义了一种序列数据结构>>> help(array)

#创建数组，相当于初始化一个数组，如：d={},k=[]等等 array(typecode [, initializer]) -- create a new array　　#a=array.array(‘c‘)，决定着下面操作的是字符，并是单个字符

#a=array.array(‘i‘)，决定着下面操作的是整数 | Attributes: | | typecode -- the typecode character used to create the array | itemsize -- the length in bytes of one array item | | Methods defined here: | ·append(...) | append(x) | #向array数组添加一个数值value | Append new value x to the end of the array.

>>> a=array.array(‘i‘)#整数，b与i类似

>>> a.append(8)

>>> a.append(81)

>>> a

array(‘i‘, [8, 81])#构成list

>>> a=array.array(‘c‘)#单个字符

>>> a.append(‘g‘)

>>> a.append(‘g‘)

>>> a

array(‘c‘, ‘gg‘)#单个字符连接

>>> a=array.array(‘u‘)#Unicode character，意味着下面将要输入的是unicode字符串.

>>> a.append(u‘x‘)#不要漏掉u

>>> a.append(u‘x‘)

>>> a

array(‘u‘, u‘xx‘)

| | ·buffer_info(...) | buffer_info() -> (address, length)#当前内存地址和数组长度

#返回一个元组（地址，长度），给出了当前的内存地址和用于存储数组内容的缓冲区的长度

>>> a.buffer_info(www.weidianyuedu.com)

(19225728, 7)

| Return a tuple (address, length) giving the current memory address and | the length in items of the buffer used to hold array‘s contents | The length should be multiplied by the itemsize attribute to calculate | the buffer length in bytes. | | byteswap(...) | byteswap() | | Byteswap all items of the array. If the items in the array are not 1, 2, | 4, or 8 bytes in size, RuntimeError is raised. | | ·count(...) | count(x)　　　　#统计array数组中某个元素(x)的个数.

>>> a

array(‘i‘, [9, 2, 9, 4, 10, 10, 10])

>>> a.count(10)

3

>>> a.count(9)

2

| Return number of occurrences of x in the array. | | ·extend(...) | extend(array or iterable)　　#参数接受 数组和可迭代对象

>>> a

array(‘i‘, [9, 2, 9, 4, 10, 10, 10])

>>> a.extend([3,5])

>>> a

array(‘i‘, [9, 2, 9, 4, 10, 10, 10, 3, 5])

#如果添加整数会出现什么错误？

>>> a.extend(10)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

a.extend(10)

TypeError: ‘int‘ object is not iterable  #int不是可迭代对象

| Append items to the end of the array.#在末尾添加数组或可迭代对象 | | fromfile(...) | fromfile(f, n) | | Read n objects from the file object f and append them to the end of the | array. Also called as read. | | fromlist(...) | fromlist(list) | | Append items to array from list. | | fromstring(...) | fromstring(string) | | Appends items from the string, interpreting it as an array of machine | values,as if it had been read from a file using the fromfile() method). | | fromunicode(...) | fromunicode(ustr) | | Extends this array with data from the unicode string ustr. | The array must be a type ‘u‘ array; otherwise a ValueError | is raised. Use array.fromstring(ustr.decode(...)) to | append Unicode data to an array of some other type. | | index(...) | index(x) | | Return index of first occurrence of x in the array. | | ·insert(...) | insert(i,x)　　#在i的位置插入一个新的item在array中 | | Insert a new item x into the array before position i. | | ·pop(...) | pop([i])

>>> a=array.array(‘i‘)

>>> a.append(2)

>>> a.append(9)

>>> a.append(3)

>>> a

array(‘i‘, [2, 9, 3])

>>> a.pop()#默认删除索引为-1的元素，最后一个元素，如果传参数则按参数索引来删除元素.

3

>>> a

array(‘i‘, [2, 9])

| Return the i-th element and delete it from the array. i defaults to -1. | | read(...) | fromfile(f, n) | | Read n objects from the file object f and append them to the end of the | array. Also called as read. | | ·remove(...) | remove(x)#删除指定元素，x为需要删除的元素. | Remove the first occurrence of x in the array. | | reverse(...) | reverse() | | Reverse the order of the items in the array. | | tofile(...) | tofile(f) | | Write all items (as machine values) to the file object f. Also called as | write. | | ·tolist(...) | tolist() -> list

a=array(‘i‘, [9, 2, 9, 4, 10, 10, 10, 3, 5])

>>> a.list()

a.list()

AttributeError: ‘array.array‘ object has no attribute ‘list‘#array.array没有list属性

>>> a.tolist()

[9, 2, 9, 4, 10, 10, 10, 3, 5]

| Convert array to an ordinary list with the same items. | | ·tostring(...) | tostring() -> string

array(‘i‘, [9, 2, 9, 4])

>>> a.tostring()　　　　#转化为string

‘\t\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\t\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00\x00\x00‘

| ·tounicode(...) | tounicode() -> unicode #将unicode的array数组，转化为unicode string字符串。

>>> a=array.array(‘u‘)

>>> a.append(u‘xiaodeng‘)

a.append(u‘xiaodeng‘)

TypeError: array item must be unicode character

>>> a.append(u‘x‘)

>>> a.append(u‘i‘)

>>> a.tounicode()

u‘xi‘

| | write(...) | tofile(f) | | Write all items (as machine values) to the file object f. Also called as | write. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here: | | itemsize | the size, in bytes, of one array item | | typecode | the typecode character used to create the array | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Type code 　　C Type 　　　　　　　　Minimum size in bytes#最小字节大小

‘c‘ 　　　　 character (字符,单个字符)　　　　　　 1

‘b‘ 　　 　　signed integer 　　 　1

‘B‘ 　　　　 unsigned integer　　  1

‘u‘ 　　　　 Unicode character　　 2

‘h‘ 　　　　 signed integer 　　 　2

‘H‘　　　　  unsigned integer 　　 2

‘i‘　　　　  signed integer 　　 　2

‘I‘ 　　　　 unsigned integer 　　 2

‘l‘ 　　　　 signed integer 　　 　4

‘L‘ 　　　　 unsigned integer　　  4

‘f‘ 　　　　 floating point 　　 　4

‘d‘ 　　　　 floating point 　　 　8