SpringMVC学习(三)

初步实现基础登录(通过路径可以直接访问,不符合实际,需要添加拦截器)

项目目录

登录页面 login

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: HP
  Date: 2022-07-06
  Time: 18:49
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h1>登录账户</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login">
    用户名:<input name="name"><br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit"  value="登录">
</form>
<br>
<br>
${message}
</body>
</html>

 处理器 WebAction

package com.ys.controller;

        import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
        import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Controller
public class WebAction {

//    进入登录页面
    @RequestMapping("/showLogin")
    public String show3(){
        System.out.println("访问login页面");
        return "login";
    }
//    登录的业务判断,账号密码正确返回main页面,错误则重新进入login页面并输出错误提示
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String name, String password, HttpServletRequest request){
        if("admin".equalsIgnoreCase(name)&&"123456".equalsIgnoreCase(password)){
            return "main";
        }else {
            request.setAttribute("message","账户或密码错误,请重新登录");
            return "login";
        }
    }
}

 登录成功页面  main

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: HP
  Date: 2022-07-06
  Time: 15:49
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>main............登录成功!</h2>
</body>
</html>

 服务器启动展示页面  index

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: HP
  Date: 2022-06-25
  Time: 16:06
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/showLogin">登录界面</a><br>
</body>
</html>

 Springmvc配置文件springmvc

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<!--    添加包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ys.controller"></context:component-scan>

<!--    添加视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--        配置前缀-->
        <!--    value的值是指定跳转到包名    -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<!--        配置后缀-->
        <!--    value的值是确定页面的后缀    -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
<!--        将前后缀进行拼接加上返回值就是跳转的页面-->
    </bean>
<!--    添加注解驱动(ajax和date都必须要)-->
   <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

</beans>

maven项目依赖 pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVC_006</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>


  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.jetbrains</groupId>
          <artifactId>annotations</artifactId>
          <version>RELEASE</version>
          <scope>compile</scope>
      </dependency>
<!--      添加jstl依赖,用于在页面上遍历,或使用函数时提供支持-->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.2</version>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

webapp配置  web

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
<!--    中文编码过滤器配置-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encode</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!--  查看CharacterEncodingFilter中,得到的三个变量
	private String encoding; 字符格式
	private boolean forceRequestEncoding = false;  请求的强制转换编码
	private boolean forceResponseEncoding = false; 响应的强制转换编码
-->
        <!--        配置参数-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encode</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<!--        拦截所有请求-->
    </filter-mapping>
    <!--    注册SpringMVC框架-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

 启动Tomcat服务器后如果报错,注意查看target是否存在springmvc文件

 拦截器

针对请求和响应进行的额外的处理,在请求和响应的过程中添加预处理,后处理和最终处理。

1.preHandle():在请求被处理之前进行操作----预处理(权限验证都是在预处理中进行)

2.postHandle():在请求被处理之后,但结果还没有渲染前进行操作,可以改变响应结果----后处理

3.afterCompletio:所有的请求响应结束后执行善后工作,清理对象,关闭资源----最终处理

拦截器的两种实现方式

1.继承HandlerInterceptorAdapter的父类(单一)

2.实现HandlerInterceptor接口,推荐使用实现接口

拦截器的实现步骤

1.改造登录方法,在session中存储用户信息,用于进行权限验证

package com.ys.controller;

        import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
        import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Controller
public class WebAction {
    @RequestMapping("/showIndex")
    public String show1(){
        System.out.println("访问index页面");
        return "index";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/showMain")
    public String show2(){
        System.out.println("访问main页面");
        return "main";
    }
//    进入登录页面
    @RequestMapping("/showLogin")
    public String show3(){
        System.out.println("访问login页面");
        return "login";
    }
//    登录的业务判断,账号密码正确返回main页面,错误则重新进入login页面并输出错误提示
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String name, String password, HttpServletRequest request){
        if("admin".equalsIgnoreCase(name)&&"123456".equalsIgnoreCase(password)){
//            将name传入Session中
            request.getSession().setAttribute("users",name);
            return "main";
        }else {
            request.setAttribute("message","账户或密码错误,请重新登录");
            return "login";
        }
    }
}

2.开发拦截器的功能,实现HandlerInterceptor接口,重写preHandle()方法

package com.ys.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
//        是否登录过的判断,取出Session中的数据做判断
        if(request.getSession().getAttribute("users")== null){
//            当Session中没有存放信息为空时,则说明没有登录,则进入到登录页面
            request.setAttribute("message","还没有登录,请先去登录");
//            跳转到index页面
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }
//        放行请求
        return true;
    }
}

3.在springmvc配置文件中注册拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<!--    添加包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ys.controller"></context:component-scan>

<!--    添加视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--        配置前缀-->
        <!--    value的值是指定跳转到包名    -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<!--        配置后缀-->
        <!--    value的值是确定页面的后缀    -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
<!--        将前后缀进行拼接加上返回值就是跳转的页面-->
    </bean>
<!--    添加注解驱动(ajax和date都必须要)-->
   <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--注册拦截器-->
<!--    多个拦截器可以自动形成拦截器链-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
<!--            拦截所有请求-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<!--            设置拦截之后直接放行的请求-->
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/showLogin"/>
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login"/>
<!--            配置具体的拦截器实现功能的类-->
            <bean class="com.ys.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>

如果拦截器不能生效,则需要查看target中的springmvc文件是否改变,如果没有需要把resources下的springmvc粘贴过去进行覆盖

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