JVM学习笔记29——ServiceLoader在SPI中的重要作用分析

以JDBC为例，介绍SPI如何打破双亲委托模型

首先看看驱动的类加载器

public class MyTest26 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServiceLoader<Driver> loader = ServiceLoader.load(Driver.class);
        Iterator<Driver> iterator = loader.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Driver driver = iterator.next();
            System.out.println("driver: " + driver.getClass() + ",loader: " + driver.getClass().getClassLoader());
        }
        System.out.println("当前线程上下文类加载器: " + Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
        System.out.println("ServiceLoader的类加载器: " + ServiceLoader.class.getClassLoader());

    }
}

从执行结果可以看到加载了应用类加载器加载了mysql的两个驱动，启动类加载器加载了ServiceLoader

为什么在代码里没有任何的引用mysql驱动，在打印的时候会出现？

ServiceLoader doc

A simple service-provider loading facility.
A service is a well-known set of interfaces and (usually abstract) classes. A service provider is a specific implementation of a service. The classes in a provider typically implement the interfaces and subclass the classes defined in the service itself. Service providers can be installed in an implementation of the Java platform in the form of extensions, that is, jar files placed into any of the usual extension directories. Providers can also be made available by adding them to the application's class path or by some other platform-specific means.

For the purpose of loading, a service is represented by a single type, that is, a single interface or abstract class. (A concrete class can be used, but this is not recommended.) A provider of a given service contains one or more concrete classes that extend this service type with data and code specific to the provider. The provider class is typically not the entire provider itself but rather a proxy which contains enough information to decide whether the provider is able to satisfy a particular request together with code that can create the actual provider on demand. The details of provider classes tend to be highly service-specific; no single class or interface could possibly unify them, so no such type is defined here. The only requirement enforced by this facility is that provider classes must have a zero-argument constructor so that they can be instantiated during loading.

A service provider is identified by placing a provider-configuration file in the resource directory META-INF/services. The file's name is the fully-qualified binary name of the service's type. The file contains a list of fully-qualified binary names of concrete provider classes, one per line. Space and tab characters surrounding each name, as well as blank lines, are ignored. The comment character is '#' ('\u0023', NUMBER SIGN); on each line all characters following the first comment character are ignored. The file must be encoded in UTF-8.

If a particular concrete provider class is named in more than one configuration file, or is named in the same configuration file more than once, then the duplicates are ignored. The configuration file naming a particular provider need not be in the same jar file or other distribution unit as the provider itself. The provider must be accessible from the same class loader that was initially queried to locate the configuration file; note that this is not necessarily the class loader from which the file was actually loaded.

Providers are located and instantiated lazily, that is, on demand. A service loader maintains a cache of the providers that have been loaded so far. Each invocation of the iterator method returns an iterator that first yields all of the elements of the cache, in instantiation order, and then lazily locates and instantiates any remaining providers, adding each one to the cache in turn. The cache can be cleared via the reload method.

Service loaders always execute in the security context of the caller. Trusted system code should typically invoke the methods in this class, and the methods of the iterators which they return, from within a privileged security context.

ServiceLoader会读取META-INF/services/下的配置，从而定位到服务的具体实现

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代码地址：https://github.com/TigerTurbo/jvm_lecture