JVM学习笔记8——接口初始化规则与类加载器准备阶段和初始化阶段的重要意义分析

public class MyTest5 {

    public static void main(String[] args){

        System.out.println(MyChild5.b);

    }

}

interface MyParent5 {
    public static final int a = 5;
}

interface MyChild5 extends MyParent5 {
    public static final int b = 6;
}

程序会输出6，即使删掉MyParent5的class文件程序也能正常运行，(接口里的变量默认都是final的)说明

当一个接口在初始化时，并不要求其父接口都完成了初始化

MyChild5中的b改为

// 如果删掉MyParent5的class文件会报错
public static final int b = new Random().nextInt(2); 

public class MyTest5 {

    public static void main(String[] args){

        System.out.println(MyChild5.b);
    }

}

interface MyParent5 {
    public static final int a = new Random().nextInt(3); 
}

interface MyChild5 extends MyParent5 {
    public static final int b = 5;
}

删掉MyParent5是可以正常执行

public class MyTest5 {

    public static void main(String[] args){

        System.out.println(MyChild5.b);
    }

}

interface MyParent5 {
    public static final int a = new Random().nextInt(3); 
}

interface MyChild5 extends MyParent5 {
    public static final int b = new Random().nextInt(4);
}

删掉MyParent5会报错

只要在真正使用到父接口的时候（如引用接口中定义的常量时），才会初始化

public class MyTest6 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();

        System.out.println("counter1: " + Singleton.counter1);
        System.out.println("counter2: " + Singleton.counter2);
    }

}

class Singleton{
    public static int counter1;
    public static int counter2 = 0;

    public static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

    private Singleton(){
        counter1 ++;
        counter2 ++;
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return singleton;
    }
}

 执行结果如下：

 将Singleton的counter2放在私有构造方法之后

class Singleton{

    public static int counter1;

    public static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

    private Singleton(){
        counter1 ++;
        counter2 ++; // 主动使用，在准备阶段赋上初值
        // System.out.println("counter1: " + counter1);
        // System.out.println("counter2: " + counter2);
    }

    // 代码移到这里输出就变成了0，执行到这里时相当于又手工赋值0
    public static int counter2 = 0; 

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return singleton;
    }
}

执行结果如下：

初始化的顺序是在代码里声明的位置从上到下，所以counter2在准备阶段是赋值为默认值0，然后在构造方法里加1，但是之后初始化又被重新赋值为指定的0

在私有构造方法中打印出来：

public class MyTest6 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();

        System.out.println("counter1: " + Singleton.counter1);
        System.out.println("counter2: " + Singleton.counter2);
    }

}

class Singleton{
    public static int counter1;

    public static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();

    private Singleton(){
        counter1 ++;
        counter2 ++; // 主动使用，在准备阶段赋上初值，准备阶段的意义
        System.out.println("counter1: " + counter1);
        System.out.println("counter2: " + counter2);
    }

    // 代码移到这里输出就变成了0，执行到这里时相当于又手工赋值0
    public static int counter2 = 0;

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return singleton;
    }
}