HeadFirst 设计模式 3装饰者模式 （饮料问题）

设计原则：

类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭（开放-关闭原则）

装饰者模式：

动态地将责任附加到对象上。若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案。

类图：

具体饮料实例：

注：

CondimentDecorator扩展自Beverage类（继承）：装饰者和被装饰者必须是一样的类型，也就是有共同的超类。在这里，我们利用继承达到“类型匹配”，而不是利用继承获得“行为”

行为来源：继承Beverage抽象类，是为了有正确的类型，而不是继承它的行为。行为来自装饰者和基础组件，或与其他装饰者之间的组合关系。

public abstract class Beverage {
  String description = "Unknown Beverage";
  public String getDescription() {
    return description;
  }
  public abstract double cost();
}

public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
  public abstract String getDescription();
}

public class Espresso extends Beverage {
  public Espresso() {
    description = "Espresso";
  }
  public double cost() {
    return 1.99;
  }
}

public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
  public HouseBlend() {
    description = "House Blend Coffee";
  }
  public double cost() {
    return .89;
  }
}

public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
  Beverage beverage;
  public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
    this.beverage = beverage;
  }
  public String getDescription() {
    return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
  }
  public double cost() {
    return .20 + beverage.cost();
  }
}

public class StarbuzzCoffee {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
    System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()+ " $" + beverage.cost());
    Beverage beverage2 = new DarkRoast();
    beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
    beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
    beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
    System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()+ " $" + beverage2.cost());
    Beverage beverage3 = new HouseBlend();
    beverage3 = new Soy(beverage3);
    beverage3 = new Mocha(beverage3);
    beverage3 = new Whip(beverage3);
    System.out.println(beverage3.getDescription()+ " $" + beverage3.cost());
  }
}