微服务入门（二）服务消费者 和服务提供者

一 、 如上篇文章，先导入pom依赖。（服务提供者流程也都类似）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.11.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.barry</groupId>
    <artifactId>user</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>user</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-boot-admin.version>2.3.1</spring-boot-admin.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR11</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

添加配置文件：

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-user
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: spring-cloud-user
    preferIpAddress: true
    instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}
  client:
    service-url: #  eureka server 的地址， 咱们单实例模式就写自己好了
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8080/eureka
    register-with-eureka: true  # 不向eureka server 注册自己
    fetch-registry: true  # 不向eureka server 获取服务列表

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

主要功能，使用eureka 客户端注册服务地址，集成了feign（包含了实现负载均衡ribbon和熔断器hystrix）。

二、编写启动器类

package com.barry.user;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients

public class UserApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean //必须new 一个RestTemplate并放入spring容器当中,否则启动时报错
     // @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory httpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
        httpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(30 * 1000);
        httpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(30 * 3000);
        httpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(30 * 3000);
        return new RestTemplate(httpRequestFactory);

    }
}

其中，配置bean 的restTemplate()方法，是为了注册直接调用的restTemplate的bean实例。restTemplate可以直接调用微服务，这里注意，如果使用 @LoadBalanced注解，将不能调用http://ip:port的形式了。

三、实现一个Controller类，如下：

package com.barry.user.Controller;

import com.barry.user.Service.FeignClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate ;

    @Autowired
    private FeignClientService feignClientService ;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    @ResponseBody
    public String hello() {
        return "hello user!";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/getMovieByTemplate")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getMovieByTemplate(Integer num){

        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8083/movie/getMovieByTemplate?num="+num;

        String resulet = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class) ;

        return resulet ;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getMovieByFeign")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getMovieByFeign(Integer num){

        String resulet = feignClientService.getMovieByFeign(num) ;

        return resulet ;
    }
}

其中，controller使用@RestController注解，hello方法是为了测试服务启动后能否访问该服务。
如图

getMovieByTemplate方法使用RestTemplate的方式调用另一个微服务的方法，采用IP、端口的形式。

getMovieByFeign方法使用了微服务名称的方式调用另一个微服务。
其中，feignClientService接口代码如下：

package com.barry.user.Service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient("spring-cloud-movie")
public interface FeignClientService {


    @RequestMapping("/movie/getMovieByFeign")
    public String getMovieByFeign( Integer num);


}

刷新结果如图，默认是轮询的方式，一次刷新是8083，下次则是8084轮换：

服务启动后，开启多实例模式，可在注册中心看到实例状态。

附件链接：

https://download.csdn.net/download/yssz001/19483419