IO基础笔记

来自 马士兵IO基础

流的分类，java.io下分别继承以下四种流类型

	字节流	字符流
输入流	InputStream	Reader
输出流	OutputStream	Writer

一个字符(16bit)是两个字节(8bit), 两个字节是一个汉字

• 输入流和输出流: 程序读取数的是输入流
• 字节流和字符流: 读取单位为字节或字符来区分
• 节点流和处理流: 节点流就是单纯传输数据，处理流是针对节点流数据的过滤处理
• InputStream: 三个read方法，请尽量以字节数组读。close(),skip(long n)跳过n个字节不读；存在多个继承类，FileInputStream等等
• OutputStream: 三个write方法，请尽量以字节数组读。close(),flush()。 注意:在close前flush，将缓冲区的数据写到磁盘，避免直接close，管道直接关掉，数据丢失。
• Reader: 三个read，close、skip
• Writer: write，其中包含write(String string)将一个字符串写到输出流。close、flush

注意: read每次读出来的int值是ASCII码，可以强转为char作打印显示

1.处理流-缓冲流:(见方法buffer)

作用是起到缓冲的作用
BufferedReader, BufferedWriter, BufferedInputStream, BufferedOunputStream

2.处理流-转换流:(见方法outStreamWriter和inStreamReader)

作用是字节流和字符流的转换
OutputStreamWriter, InputStreanReader: 字节流转为字符流, OutputStream转成Writer，InputStream转为Reader

3.处理流-数据流:

练习代码如下:

// 存在中文乱码，因为中文占两字节，一个字节一个字节强转是有问题的，需采用字符流
private static void inputS() {
    FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
    int c;
    try {
        fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt");
        while ((c = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char) c);
        }
        fileInputStream.close();
    }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        System.out.println("文件不存在");
    }catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("文件读取错误");
    }
}

// 成功原样复制
private static void ouputS() {
    FileInputStream fileInputStream;
    FileOutputStream fileOutputStream;
    int c;
    try {
        fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt");
        fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("/Users/yuanshuwei/b.txt");
        while ((c = fileInputStream.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char) c);
            fileOutputStream.write(c);
        }
        // 重要
        fileOutputStream.flush();
        fileOutputStream.close();
        fileInputStream.close();
    }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        System.out.println("文件不存在");
    }catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("文件读取错误");
    }
}

// 原样打印
private static void fileReader() {
    FileReader fileReader;
    int c;
    try {
        fileReader = new FileReader("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt");
        while ((c = fileReader.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char) c);
        }
        fileReader.close();
    }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        System.out.println("文件不存在");
    }catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("文件读取异常");
    }
}

// 成功原样复制
private static void fileWriter() {
    FileReader fileReader;
    FileWriter fileWriter;
    int c;
    try {
        fileReader = new FileReader("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt");
        fileWriter = new FileWriter("/Users/yuanshuwei/b.txt");
        while ((c = fileReader.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.print((char) c);
            fileWriter.write(c);
        }
        // 重要
        fileWriter.flush();
        fileWriter.close();
        fileReader.close();
    }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        System.out.println("文件不存在");
    }catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("文件读取异常");
    }
}

// 处理流(在节点流外面套一次管道)的缓冲流，可一次读一行  >>常用<<
private static void buffer() {
    try {
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt"));
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt"));
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            bufferedWriter.write(String.valueOf(Math.random()));
            bufferedWriter.newLine();
        }
        bufferedWriter.flush();
        String c;
        while ((c = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(c);
        }
        bufferedReader.close();
        bufferedWriter.close();
    }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        System.out.println("没有这个文件");
    }catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("IO异常");
    }
}

// 转换流: OutputStreamWriter可以一次写字符串，可指定编码
private static void outStreamWriter() {
    try {
        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt"));
        outputStreamWriter.write("hello 123");
        outputStreamWriter.flush();
        System.out.println(outputStreamWriter.getEncoding());
        outputStreamWriter.close();

        // 此处的true为文件追加方式写
        outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("/Users/yuanshuwei/a.txt", true), "ISO8859_1");
        outputStreamWriter.write("hello 123");
        System.out.println(outputStreamWriter.getEncoding());
        outputStreamWriter.close();
    }catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        System.out.println("找不到文件");
    }catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("IO异常");
    }
}

// 转换流,此处将终端的输入流转换字符流的Reader，因为bufferedReader有好用的读整行的方法，后面又包了一层缓存流。  秒啊！！
private static void inStreamReader() {
    InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(System.in); //阻塞输入，不输入就不能做其他。同步式的
    BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
    try {
        String c;
        while ((c = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            if (c.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) {
                break;
            }
            c = c.toUpperCase();
            System.out.println(c);
        }
        bufferedReader.close();
    }catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("IO异常");
    }
}