python之函数

函数参数可以设置缺省值

warning：The default value is evaluated only once. This makes a difference when the default is a mutable object such as list, dictionary, or instances of most classes. 

def f(a, L=[]):
    L.append(a)
    return L

print f(1), f(2), f(3)
-------------------------
[1] [1, 2] [1, 2, 3]

def f(a, L=None):
    if L is None:
        L = []
    L.append(a)
    return L
-----------------------
[1] [2] [3]

*与**

函数定义时：

*args表示接受到的参数会以tuples的形式呈现
**kwargs表示接受到的参数会以dictionary的形式呈现

函数调用时：

* : to unpack the arguments out of a list or tuple
**: to unpack the arguments out of dictionary

def hello(a, b):
    print a, b

hello(*[2015, 'hello'])
----------------------
2015 hello

def hello(a, b='world'):
    print a, b

hello(**{'a':'Hello', 'b':'World'})
----------------------
Hello World