songsu» 2006-6-23 14:29:00 | ||
GDI+编程10个基本技巧 创建绘图表面 创建绘图表面有两种常用的方法。下面设法得到PictureBox的绘图表面。 private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //得到pictureBox1的绘图表面 Graphics g = this.pictureBox1.CreateGraphics(); } private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { //得到pictureBox1的绘图表面 Graphics g = e.Graphics; } 可以利用Graphics对象绘制出各种图形图案。控件的Paint事件和OnPaint方法都可以绘图都是好时机。在OnPaint方法里绘制图案一定从参数e里面得到Graphics属性。下面是两个例子。 protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) { e.Graphics.Clear(Color.White); float x, y, w, h; x = this.Left+2; y = this.Top+2; w = this.Width-4; h = this.Height-4; Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Red, 2); e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, x, y, w, h); base.OnPaint (e); } private void PictureBoxII_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Invalidate(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics().FillEllipse( Brushes.Blue, 10, 20, 50, 100); } 和文本有关的三个类: FontFamily——定义有着相似的基本设计但在形式上有某些差异的一组字样。无法继承此类。 Font——定义特定的文本格式,包括字体、字号和字形属性。无法继承此类。 StringFormat——封装文本布局信息(如对齐方式和行距),显示操作(如省略号插入和国家标准 (National) 数字位替换)和 OpenType 功能。无法继承此类。 下面的程序显示了一段文字。 private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.pictureBoxII1.ClientRectangle); string s = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"; FontFamily fm = new FontFamily("ËÎÌå"); Font f = new Font(fm, 20, FontStyle.Bold, GraphicsUnit.Point); RectangleF rectF = new RectangleF(30, 20, 180, 205); StringFormat sf = new StringFormat(); SolidBrush sbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255)); sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center; sf.FormatFlags = StringFormatFlags.DirectionVertical; g.DrawString(s, f, sbrush, rectF, sf); } GDI+的路径——GraphicsPath类 GraphicsPath类提供了一系列属性和方法,利用它可以获取路径上的关键点,可以添加直线段、圆等几何元素。可以获得包围矩形,进行拾取测试。这些功能都怎么用,要仔细看一下。 private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //绘图表面 Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); //填充成白色 g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle); //弄一个绘图路径¶ GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath(); //添加一些集合图形 gp.AddEllipse(20, 20, 300, 200); gp.AddPie(50, 100, 300, 100, 45, 200); gp.AddRectangle(new Rectangle(100, 30, 100, 80)); //在绘图表面上绘制绘图路径 g.DrawPath(Pens.Blue, gp); //平移 g.TranslateTransform(200, 20); //填充绘图路径¶ g.FillPath(Brushes.GreenYellow, gp); gp.Dispose(); } 区域——Region类 从已有的矩形和路径可以创建Region。使用Graphics.FillRegion方法绘制Region。该类指示由矩形和由路径构成的图形形状的内部。无法继承此类。 渐变色填充 需要使用两个刷子: 线性梯度刷子(LinearGradientBrush) 路径梯度刷子(PathGuadientBrush) private void button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //绘图表面 Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.pictureBoxII1.ClientRectangle); //定义一个线性梯度刷子 LinearGradientBrush lgbrush = new LinearGradientBrush( new Point(0, 10), new Point(150, 10), Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0), Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0)); Pen pen = new Pen(lgbrush); //用线性笔刷梯度效果的笔绘制一条直线段并填充一个矩形 g.DrawLine(pen, 10, 130, 500, 130); g.FillRectangle(lgbrush, 10, 150, 370, 30); //定义路径并添加一个椭圆 GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath(); gp.AddEllipse(10, 10, 200, 100); //用该路径定义路径梯度刷子 PathGradientBrush brush = new PathGradientBrush(gp); //颜色数组 Color[] colors = { Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0), Color.FromArgb(100, 100, 100), Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0), Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 255)}; //定义颜色渐变比率 float[] r = {0.0f, 0.3f, 0.6f, 1.0f}; ColorBlend blend = new ColorBlend(); blend.Colors = colors; blend.Positions = r; brush.InterpolationColors = blend; //在椭圆外填充一个矩形 g.FillRectangle(brush, 0, 0, 210, 110); //用添加了椭圆的路径定义第二个路径梯度刷子 GraphicsPath gp2 = new GraphicsPath(); gp2.AddEllipse(300, 0, 200, 100); PathGradientBrush brush2 = new PathGradientBrush(gp2); //设置中心点位置和颜色 brush2.CenterPoint = new PointF(450, 50); brush2.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0); //设置边界颜色 Color[] color2 = {Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0)}; brush2.SurroundColors = color2; //用第二个梯度刷填充椭圆 g.FillEllipse(brush2, 300, 0, 200, 100); } GDI+的坐标系统 通用坐标系——用户自定义坐标系。 页面坐标系——虚拟坐标系。 设备坐标系——屏幕坐标系。 当页面坐标系和设备坐标系的单位都是象素时,它们相同。 private void button10_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(Color.White); this.Draw(g); } private void Draw(Graphics g) { g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, 10, 10, 100, 100); g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, 50, 50, 200, 100); g.DrawArc(Pens.Black, 100, 10, 100, 100, 20, 160); g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Green, 50, 200, 150, 100); } private void button5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //左移 Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(Color.White); g.TranslateTransform(-50, 0); this.Draw(g); } private void button6_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //右移 Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(Color.White); g.TranslateTransform(50, 0); this.Draw(g); } private void button7_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //旋转 Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(Color.White); g.RotateTransform(-30); this.Draw(g); } private void button8_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //放大 Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(Color.White); g.ScaleTransform(1.2f, 1.2f); this.Draw(g); } private void button9_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { //缩小 Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(Color.White); g.ScaleTransform(0.8f, 0.8f); this.Draw(g); } 全局坐标——变换对于绘图表面上的每个图元都会产生影响。通常用于设定通用坐标系。 一下程序将原定移动到控件中心,并且Y轴正向朝上。 //先画一个圆 Graphics g = e.Graphics; g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle); g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, -100, -100, 200, 200); //使y轴正向朝上,必须做相对于x轴镜像 //变换矩阵为[1,0,0,-1,0,0] Matrix mat = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0); g.Transform = mat; Rectangle rect = this.ClientRectangle; int w = rect.Width; int h = rect.Height; g.TranslateTransform(w/2, -h/2); //以原点为中心,做一个半径为100的圆 g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Red, -100, -100, 200, 200); g.TranslateTransform(100, 100); g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Green, -100, -100, 200, 200); g.ScaleTransform(2, 2); g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Blue, -100, -100, 200, 200); 局部坐标系——只对某些图形进行变换,而其它图形元素不变。 protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) { Graphics g = e.Graphics; //客户区设置为白色 g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle); //y轴朝上 Matrix mat = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0); g.Transform = mat; //移动坐标原点到窗体中心 Rectangle rect = this.ClientRectangle; int w = rect.Width; int h = rect.Height; g.TranslateTransform(w/2, -h/2); |
GDI+编程10个基本技巧
创建绘图表面
创建绘图表面有两种常用的方法。下面设法得到PictureBox的绘图表面。
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//得到pictureBox1的绘图表面
Graphics g = this.pictureBox1.CreateGraphics();
}
private void pictureBox1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
//得到pictureBox1的绘图表面
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
}
可以利用Graphics对象绘制出各种图形图案。控件的Paint事件和OnPaint方法都可以绘图都是好时机。在OnPaint方法里绘制图案一定从参数e里面得到Graphics属性。下面是两个例子。
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
e.Graphics.Clear(Color.White);
float x, y, w, h;
x = this.Left+2;
y = this.Top+2;
w = this.Width-4;
h = this.Height-4;
Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Red, 2);
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(pen, x, y, w, h);
base.OnPaint (e);
}
private void PictureBoxII_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Invalidate();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics().FillEllipse(
Brushes.Blue, 10, 20, 50, 100);
}
和文本有关的三个类:
FontFamily——定义有着相似的基本设计但在形式上有某些差异的一组字样。无法继承此类。
Font——定义特定的文本格式,包括字体、字号和字形属性。无法继承此类。
StringFormat——封装文本布局信息(如对齐方式和行距),显示操作(如省略号插入和国家标准 (National) 数字位替换)和 OpenType 功能。无法继承此类。
下面的程序显示了一段文字。
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.pictureBoxII1.ClientRectangle);
string s = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
FontFamily fm = new FontFamily("ËÎÌå");
Font f = new Font(fm, 20, FontStyle.Bold, GraphicsUnit.Point);
RectangleF rectF = new RectangleF(30, 20, 180, 205);
StringFormat sf = new StringFormat();
SolidBrush sbrush = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255));
sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
sf.FormatFlags = StringFormatFlags.DirectionVertical;
g.DrawString(s, f, sbrush, rectF, sf);
}
GDI+的路径——GraphicsPath类
GraphicsPath类提供了一系列属性和方法,利用它可以获取路径上的关键点,可以添加直线段、圆等几何元素。可以获得包围矩形,进行拾取测试。这些功能都怎么用,要仔细看一下。
private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//绘图表面
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
//填充成白色
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
//弄一个绘图路径¶
GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath();
//添加一些集合图形
gp.AddEllipse(20, 20, 300, 200);
gp.AddPie(50, 100, 300, 100, 45, 200);
gp.AddRectangle(new Rectangle(100, 30, 100, 80));
//在绘图表面上绘制绘图路径
g.DrawPath(Pens.Blue, gp);
//平移
g.TranslateTransform(200, 20);
//填充绘图路径¶
g.FillPath(Brushes.GreenYellow, gp);
gp.Dispose();
}
区域——Region类
从已有的矩形和路径可以创建Region。使用Graphics.FillRegion方法绘制Region。该类指示由矩形和由路径构成的图形形状的内部。无法继承此类。
渐变色填充
需要使用两个刷子:
线性梯度刷子(LinearGradientBrush)
路径梯度刷子(PathGuadientBrush)
private void button4_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//绘图表面
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.pictureBoxII1.ClientRectangle);
//定义一个线性梯度刷子
LinearGradientBrush lgbrush =
new LinearGradientBrush(
new Point(0, 10),
new Point(150, 10),
Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0),
Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0));
Pen pen = new Pen(lgbrush);
//用线性笔刷梯度效果的笔绘制一条直线段并填充一个矩形
g.DrawLine(pen, 10, 130, 500, 130);
g.FillRectangle(lgbrush, 10, 150, 370, 30);
//定义路径并添加一个椭圆
GraphicsPath gp = new GraphicsPath();
gp.AddEllipse(10, 10, 200, 100);
//用该路径定义路径梯度刷子
PathGradientBrush brush =
new PathGradientBrush(gp);
//颜色数组
Color[] colors = {
Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0),
Color.FromArgb(100, 100, 100),
Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0),
Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 255)};
//定义颜色渐变比率
float[] r = {0.0f, 0.3f, 0.6f, 1.0f};
ColorBlend blend = new ColorBlend();
blend.Colors = colors;
blend.Positions = r;
brush.InterpolationColors = blend;
//在椭圆外填充一个矩形
g.FillRectangle(brush, 0, 0, 210, 110);
//用添加了椭圆的路径定义第二个路径梯度刷子
GraphicsPath gp2 = new GraphicsPath();
gp2.AddEllipse(300, 0, 200, 100);
PathGradientBrush brush2 = new PathGradientBrush(gp2);
//设置中心点位置和颜色
brush2.CenterPoint = new PointF(450, 50);
brush2.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 0);
//设置边界颜色
Color[] color2 = {Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0)};
brush2.SurroundColors = color2;
//用第二个梯度刷填充椭圆
g.FillEllipse(brush2, 300, 0, 200, 100);
}
GDI+的坐标系统
通用坐标系——用户自定义坐标系。
页面坐标系——虚拟坐标系。
设备坐标系——屏幕坐标系。
当页面坐标系和设备坐标系的单位都是象素时,它们相同。
private void button10_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void Draw(Graphics g)
{
g.DrawLine(Pens.Black, 10, 10, 100, 100);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, 50, 50, 200, 100);
g.DrawArc(Pens.Black, 100, 10, 100, 100, 20, 160);
g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Green, 50, 200, 150, 100);
}
private void button5_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//左移
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.TranslateTransform(-50, 0);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button6_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//右移
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.TranslateTransform(50, 0);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button7_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//旋转
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.RotateTransform(-30);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button8_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//放大
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.ScaleTransform(1.2f, 1.2f);
this.Draw(g);
}
private void button9_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
//缩小
Graphics g = this.pictureBoxII1.CreateGraphics();
g.Clear(Color.White);
g.ScaleTransform(0.8f, 0.8f);
this.Draw(g);
}
全局坐标——变换对于绘图表面上的每个图元都会产生影响。通常用于设定通用坐标系。
一下程序将原定移动到控件中心,并且Y轴正向朝上。
//先画一个圆
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, -100, -100, 200, 200);
//使y轴正向朝上,必须做相对于x轴镜像
//变换矩阵为[1,0,0,-1,0,0]
Matrix mat = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0);
g.Transform = mat;
Rectangle rect = this.ClientRectangle;
int w = rect.Width;
int h = rect.Height;
g.TranslateTransform(w/2, -h/2);
//以原点为中心,做一个半径为100的圆
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Red, -100, -100, 200, 200);
g.TranslateTransform(100, 100);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Green, -100, -100, 200, 200);
g.ScaleTransform(2, 2);
g.DrawEllipse(Pens.Blue, -100, -100, 200, 200);
局部坐标系——只对某些图形进行变换,而其它图形元素不变。
protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;
//客户区设置为白色
g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);
//y轴朝上
Matrix mat = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0);
g.Transform = mat;
//移动坐标原点到窗体中心
Rectangle rect = this.ClientRectangle;
int w = rect.Width;
int h = rect.Height;
g.TranslateTransform(w/2, -h/2);