spring boot 项目在启动时调用接口

1.环境

目前开发的项目使用的spring boot(2.1.4.RELEASE)+ssm

2. 需求

现在有一个数据处理任务的接口,在spring boot项目启动后,可以手动的去启动任务,但是这样比较麻烦,每次项目重新运行都要去通过swagger调用数据处理的接口.所以 现在想在项目启动后就是调用该方法

3. 解决思路

当然spring给我们提供了方法:在SpringBoot中，有两种接口方式实现启动执行，分别是ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner，除了可接受参数不同，其他的基本一样.网上有很多例子.就不多说了,作者选用的是实现CommandLineRunner接口,重写了run 方法.

4. 例子

• controller

@EnableConfigurationProperties({Person.class})
@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    Person person;


    @GetMapping("/getValue")
    public String getValue(){
        String name = person.getName();
        int age = person.getAge();
        return "name="+name+","+"age="+age;
    }
 }

这里我自定义一个Person类,并且定义了一个person.properties配置文件,读取其中的值,配置如下:

• person

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@EnableConfigurationProperties({Person.class})
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

• person.properties

person.name=zhangsan
person.age=20

注意:这里涉及到几个注解:

@EnableConfigurationProperties({Person.class})
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})

大家有问题可以学习下

• 自定义类实现CommandLineRunner

@Component
public class MyCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        HelloController helloController = new HelloController();
        helloController.getValue();
    }
}

5 问题

这时候以为可以完美解决,但是出现了错误:

2019-09-26 18:45:48.825 ERROR 4724 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to execute CommandLineRunner
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunner(SpringApplication.java:816) [spring-boot-2.1.4.RELEASE.jar:2.1.4.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunners(SpringApplication.java:797) [spring-boot-2.1.4.RELEASE.jar:2.1.4.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:324) [spring-boot-2.1.4.RELEASE.jar:2.1.4.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1260) [spring-boot-2.1.4.RELEASE.jar:2.1.4.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1248) [spring-boot-2.1.4.RELEASE.jar:2.1.4.RELEASE]
	at com.example.springboot_train.SpringbootTrainApplication.main(SpringbootTrainApplication.java:15) [classes/:na]
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at com.example.springboot_train.controller.HelloController.getValue(HelloController.java:50) ~[classes/:na]
	at com.example.springboot_train.runner.MyCommandLineRunner.run(MyCommandLineRunner.java:12) ~[classes/:na]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunner(SpringApplication.java:813) [spring-boot-2.1.4.RELEASE.jar:2.1.4.RELEASE]
	... 5 common frames omitted

2019-09-26 18:45:48.828  INFO 4724 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'

竟然出现了空指针异常

6 解决思路

我再run方法中new 了一个controller 层中的类:
HelloController helloController = new HelloController();
而这个类依赖其他类并且使用了@Autowired注入的Spring Bean.那这就不奇怪了,那这个错误空指针就不为过了,因为使用的是new而不是spring帮我们自动注入的,那肯定会出现这个错误,因此查看了Springboot中new出来的实例和@Autowired注入的区别:那肯定要换成@Autowired注解的方式,交给spring容器去管理.
其实从这个错误中更加认识到什么是spring容器了.

7 解决方案

import com.example.springboot_train.controller.HelloController;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    
    @Autowired
    HelloController helloController;
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        //HelloController helloController = new HelloController();
        helloController.getValue();
    }
}

问题解决,项目启动时调用了getValue方法.没有出现空指针异常.