Struts2之HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse,HttpSession,Parameters处理

在正式讲解如何获取上述对象之前，需要先搞清楚一点，类似于Struts2、SpringMVC框架之所以在诸多方面用着比较方便，简化开发人员重复机械性的工作，就是因为它们把底层的Servlet操作封装起来，替开发人员干了他们该干的工作，因此每一种框架都提供了获取底层Servlet的方式，好的，正式开始讲解本篇博客的内容；

首先讲解一种通过实现Struts2的某些个接口，来获取HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession的方式，先看如下几个接口源码：

import java.util.Map;


/**
 * Actions that want access to the user's HTTP session attributes should implement this interface.<p>
 * <p/>
 * This will give them access to a Map where they can put objects that can be made available
 * to subsequent requests.<p/>
 * <p/>
 * Typical uses may be cached user data such as name, or a shopping cart.
 *
 */
public interface SessionAware {

    /**
     * Sets the Map of session attributes in the implementing class.
     *
     * @param session a Map of HTTP session attribute name/value pairs.
     */
    public void setSession(Map<String,Object> session);
}

package org.apache.struts2.interceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;


/**
 * All Actions that want to have access to the servlet request object must implement this interface.<p>
 * <p/>
 * This interface is only relevant if the Action is used in a servlet environment. <p>
 * <p/>
 * Note that using this interface makes the Action tied to a servlet environment, so it should be
 * avoided if possible since things like unit testing will become more difficult.
 *
 */
public interface ServletRequestAware {

    /**
     * Sets the HTTP request object in implementing classes.
     *
     * @param request the HTTP request.
     */
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request);
}

package org.apache.struts2.interceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


/**
 * All Actions that want to have access to the servlet response object must implement this interface.<p>
 * <p/>
 * This interface is only relevant if the Action is used in a servlet environment.<p>
 * <p/>
 * Note that using this interface makes the Action tied to a servlet environment, so it should be
 * avoided if possible since things like unit testing will become more difficult.
 *
 */
public interface ServletResponseAware {

    /**
     * Sets the HTTP response object in implementing classes.
     *
     * @param response the HTTP response.
     */
    public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response);
}

上面这三个接口的大体作用就是如果Actions类想要访问Servlet请求、响应、Session对象，就需要依次实现这几个接口，且这三个接口只有处于Servlet环境中是才起作用，下面通过一个Action类，来演示如何获取 Servlet请求、响应、Session对象

package com.yxd.struts2.action;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class GetServletDomainAction extends ActionSupport implements
		SessionAware, ServletRequestAware, ServletResponseAware {
	
	private HttpServletResponse response;
	
	private HttpServletRequest request;
	
	private Map<String, Object> session;

	@Override
	public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
		this.response = response;
	}

	@Override
	public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
		this.request = request;
	}

	@Override
	public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
		this.session = session;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return super.execute();
	}

}

Struts2框架在实例化GetServletDomainAction对象是，会自动调用各种setter方法，将HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession对象设置进去，然后就可以在execute方法里面随便使用了；

第二种方式：Struts2中提供了ActionContext类用来获取Session对象中的属性值，同样提供了ServletActionContext类继承自ActionContext，用来获取HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse对象，下面看Action实例：

package com.yxd.struts2.action;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class GetServletDomainAction extends ActionSupport{
	
	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		
		// 获取Session对象中属性的Map对象
		Map<String,Object> attrs = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
		
		// 获取HttpServletRequest对象
		HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		
		// 获取HttpServletResponse对象
		HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
		
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return super.execute();
	}

}

上述两种方式，是在Struts2项目中常用到的获取Servlet对象的方式，需要特别对获取的Session说明一下，大家会发现这个Session对象并不是真正意义上我们想要的HttpSession对象，获取到的是一个封装了HttpSession对象中各种属性的Map集合，那么如何根据获取到的这个Map销毁Session呢？

实际上我们通过上述两种方法获取到的Session对象，是一个org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.SessionMap<K, V>类型的一个实例，且该接口里面有invalidate()方法就是用来销毁Http Session对象的，因此可以通过将获取到的Map向下强制类型转换成SessionMap类型，然后调用这个方法即可，如下：

// 获取Session对象中属性的Map对象
Map<String,Object> attrs = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();

// 销毁Session对象
if(attrs instanceof SessionMap){
	((SessionMap<String,Object>)attrs).invalidate();
}

最后在说一下如何获取传入到Action中的请求参数吧，跟上述两种方式差不多，可以直接通过ActionContext实例获取请求参数，也可以通过让Action类实现ParameterAware接口，然后再Action方法中通过调用setParameters(Map<String, String[]> parameters)将请求参数传递进Action里面去

Map<String,Object> parameters = ActionContext.getContext().getParameters();

上述两种方式都采用线程安全的方式获取Servlet对象，总体来说，在实际项目应用中足够使用了，Struts2官方推荐使用实现接口的方式获取Servlet对象，所以在日常工作中也建议使用该方式！