python解决Failed building wheel for XXX

前言

今天运行一个python机器学习项目，结果报错连连，出现两个问题：

• ERROR: Failed building wheel for XXX
• ERROR: xxx.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.

觉得很有意义，这里记录一下。

解决方案

一个老项目要求sklearn版本是0.23.1的，我卸载当前版本，安装该版本时，报错如下：

  ERROR: Failed building wheel for scikit-learn
  Running setup.py clean for scikit-learn
Failed to build scikit-learn
Installing collected packages: scikit-learn
    Running setup.py install for scikit-learn ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'd:\python3.8.6\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\ShuoZhou\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ShuoZhou\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\ShuoZhou\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-cmmjlg7n\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'd:\python3.8.6\Include\scikit-learn'
         cwd: C:\Users\ShuoZhou\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\
    Complete output (28 lines):
    Partial import of sklearn during the build process.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\ShuoZhou\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\setup.py", line 290, in <module>
        setup_package()
      File "C:\Users\ShuoZhou\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\setup.py", line 286, in setup_package
        setup(**metadata)
      File "d:\python3.8.6\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 135, in setup
        config = configuration()
      File "C:\Users\ShuoZhou\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\setup.py", line 174, in configuration
        config.add_subpackage('sklearn')
      File "d:\python3.8.6\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1018, in add_subpackage
        config_list = self.get_subpackage(subpackage_name, subpackage_path,
      File "d:\python3.8.6\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 984, in get_subpackage
        config = self._get_configuration_from_setup_py(
      File "d:\python3.8.6\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 926, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
        config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
      File "sklearn\setup.py", line 62, in configuration
        config.add_subpackage('utils')
      File "d:\python3.8.6\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 1018, in add_subpackage
        config_list = self.get_subpackage(subpackage_name, subpackage_path,
      File "d:\python3.8.6\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 984, in get_subpackage
        config = self._get_configuration_from_setup_py(
      File "d:\python3.8.6\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\misc_util.py", line 926, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
        config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
      File "sklearn\utils\setup.py", line 8, in configuration
        from Cython import Tempita
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Cython'
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'd:\python3.8.6\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\ShuoZhou\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ShuoZhou\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-i2fx2kkz\\scikit-learn_720f98e63aee466680093cc0442276ca\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\ShuoZhou\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-cmmjlg7n\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers 'd:\python3.8.6\Include\scikit-learn' Check the logs for full command output.

查询资料找到一种方法：在下方网站上下载对应的python库的wheel(.whl)文件，然后pip install .whl文件的绝对路径，或者cd到，whl文件的路径，然后pip install .whl文件，下载地址：

• Pythonlibs网站，直接页面搜索依赖包名称
• 清华镜像网站，在网站地址后面加入依赖包名，比如我要搜索scikit-learn，则对应网址为：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/scikit-learn/

下载完成后，使用如下命令进行安装：

pip install .whl文件的绝对路径

结果报错：

ERROR: scikit_learn-0.23.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.

该错误表示你要下载的依赖库版本与你的python版本不一致，日，搞了半天还是不行。

差点就要替换python版本了，后来发现了一种新的方法，直接替换.whl文件的名称，居然就可以行的通。.whl文件前后变化：

//初始名称
scikit_learn-0.23.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl

//变化之后
scikit_learn-0.23.1-cp38-none-any.whl

将.whl文件重命名之后，居然顺利安装成功了，而且版本不变，就是0.23.1，神奇！

需要注意的是，我一开始按照网上资料重命名为scikit_learn-0.23.1-cp36-none-any.whl，发现还是不行，后来想到自己的python版本是3.8，于是将cp36更改为了cp38，没想到还真成了，如果你的版本不是3.8，而是3.x，建议更改为cp3x。