Nginx之Centos7安装及配置代理多个后端服务

Nginx之Centos7安装

1. 离线安装

1. 下载

官网地址：http://nginx.org/

本文下载的是nginx-1.21.1.tar.gz

解压

tar -zxvf nginx-1.21.1.tar.gz
# 如解压到了：/opt/software/nginx-1.21.1

2.安装依赖

进入到/opt/software/nginx-1.21.1目录中执行下面命令，按照出差信息一依次安装所有依赖即可

./configure

1. 安装gcc-c++依赖

yum install gcc-c++

2. 下面错误,执行yum -y install pcre-devel解决

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

3. 下面错误，执行yum install -y zlib-devel解决

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.

4. 再执行 ./configure 看到下面信息说明成功

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

3. 编译并安装

[root@mawei nginx-1.21.1]# make && make install
.....
        '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' \
        || cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf'
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' \
        || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' \
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
make[1]: 离开目录“/opt/software/nginx-1.21.1”

1. 查看安装在哪儿了

[root@mawei nginx-1.21.1]# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx

4. 启动

1. 进入到 cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
2. 输入./nginx 命令启动即可

[root@localhost server]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@localhost sbin]# ll
总用量 4656
-rwx------ 1 root root 4766984 11月 18 10:02 nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/sbin
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx 

3. 查看版本

[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.21.1

5. 访问

nginx默认为80端口,直接输入IP访问即可

http://192.168.2.243/

6. 访问出现403问题处理

1. 页面访问出现403问题，查看日志如下：

# 进入到日志目录 /usr/local/nginx/logs 下查看日志
[root@localhost logs]# cat error.log 
2021/11/18 10:07:08 [error] 15743#0: *2 "/usr/local/nginx/html/index.html" is forbidden (13: Permission denied), client: 192.168.2.200, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.2.243"
2021/11/18 10:07:08 [error] 15743#0: *2 open() "/usr/local/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (13: Permission denied), client: 192.168.2.200, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.2.243", referrer: "http://192.168.2.243/"
2021/11/18 10:07:28 [error] 15743#0: *2 "/usr/local/nginx/html/index.html" is forbidden (13: Permission denied), client: 192.168.2.200, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.2.243"
2021/11/18 10:07:28 [error] 15743#0: *2 open() "/usr/local/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (13: Permission denied), client: 192.168.2.200, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.2.243", referrer: "http://192.168.2.243/"

2. 查看nginx的启动用户，发现是nobody，而非root用户启动的

[root@localhost logs]# ps aux | grep "nginx: worker process" | awk'{print $1}'

3. 将nginx.config的user改为和启动用户一致

# 编辑 nginx.config文件
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
# 找到注释掉的 “#user nobody;” 这一行，然后在此行后面新增一行,其实就是将nobody改为 root用户即可
user root

7. 80端口代理多个后端服务

配置一个80端口代理多后端个服务

以自开发公众号服务为例，访问地址:http://192.168.31.102:7001/myWechat

当访问域名后面以myWechat开头时代理到上面的地址中，如访问yuan.wechat.com/myWechat具体配置如下

server {
        listen       80;
        listen       [::]:80;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
		
		# 代理微信公众号服务,以myWechat开头代理到 http://http://192.168.31.102:7001
		location ~ /lims {
            proxy_pass http://http://192.168.31.102:7001;
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
        location / {
             index index.html index.htm index.php;
        }
       
    }

2. Nginx常用命令

 #重启Nginx
nginx -s reopen
#重新加载Nginx配置文件，然后以优雅的方式重启Nginx
nginx -s reload 
#强制停止Nginx服务
nginx -s stop 
#优雅地停止Nginx服务（即处理完所有请求后再停止服务）
nginx -s quit 
#检测配置文件是否有语法错误，然后退出
nginx -t 
#打开帮助信息
nginx -?,-h 
#显示版本信息并退出
nginx -v 
#显示版本和配置选项信息，然后退出
nginx -V 
#检测配置文件是否有语法错误，然后退出
nginx -t 
#检测配置文件是否有语法错误，转储并退出
nginx -T 
 #在检测配置文件期间屏蔽非错误信息
nginx -q
 #设置前缀路径(默认是:/usr/share/nginx/)
nginx -p prefix
 #设置配置文件(默认是:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf)
nginx -c filename
 #设置配置文件外的全局指令
nginx -g directives
#杀死所有nginx进程
killall nginx