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模式识别 西奥多里蒂斯 2010 中译

This textbook evolved from a course in geophysical inverse methods taught during the past two decades at New Mexico Tech, first by Rick Aster and, subsequently, jointly between Rick Aster and Brian Borchers. The audience for the course has included a broad range of first- or second-year graduate students (and occasionally advanced under- graduates) from geophysics, hydrology, mathematics, astrophysics, and other disciplines. Cliff Thurber joined this collaboration during the production of the first edition and has taught a similar course at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Our principal goal for this text is to promote fundamental understanding of param- eter estimation and inverse problem philosophy and methodology, specifically regarding such key issues as uncertainty, ill-posedness, regularization, bias, and resolution. We emphasize theoretical points with illustrative examples, and MATLAB codes that imple- ment these examples are provided on a companion website. Throughout the examples and exercises, a web icon indicates that there is additional material on the website. Exercises include a mix of applied and theoretical problems. This book has necessarily had to distill a tremendous body of mathematics and science going back to (at least) Newton and Gauss. We hope that it will continue to find a broad audience of students and professionals interested in the general problem of estimating physical models from data. Because this is an introductory text surveying a very broad field, we have not been able to go into great depth. However, each chapter has a “notes and further reading” section to help guide the reader to further explo- ration of specific topics. Where appropriate, we have also directly referenced research contributions to the field. Some advanced topics have been deliberately left out of this book because of space limitations and/or because we expect that many readers would not be sufficiently famil- iar with the required mathematics. For example, readers with a strong mathematical background may be surprised that we primarily consider inverse problems with discrete data and discretized models. By doing this we avoid much of the technical complexity of functional analysis. Some advanced applications and topics that we have omitted include inverse scattering problems, seismic diffraction tomography, wavelets, data assimilation, simulated annealing, and expectation maximization methods. We expect that readers of this book will have prior familiarity with calculus, dif- ferential equations, linear algebra, probability, and statistics at the undergraduate level. In our experience, many students can benefit from at least a review of these topics, and we commonly spend the first two to three weeks of the course reviewing material from