一、什么是MapStruct
平时我经常使用Hutool中的BeanUtil类来实现对象转换,用多了之后就发现有些缺点:
- 对象属性映射使用反射来实现,性能比较低;
- 对于不同名称或不同类型的属性无法转换,还得单独写Getter、Setter方法;
- 对于嵌套的子对象也需要转换的情况,也得自行处理;
- 集合对象转换时,得使用循环,一个个拷贝。
- 对于这些不足,MapStruct都能解决,不愧为一款功能强大的对象映射工具!
MapStruct是一款基于Java注解的对象属性映射工具,使用的时候我们只要在接口中定义好对象属性映射规则,它就能自动生成映射实现类,不使用反射,性能优秀,能实现各种复杂映射。
二、如何使用
1、引入MapStruct依赖
<mapstruct.version>1.4.2.Final</mapstruct.version>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
<artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
<version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
<artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
<version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
2、创建我们所需要的案例实体类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class User {
private Integer id ;//用户id
private String userName;//用户名
private String password; //密码
private Date birthday;//生日
private String tel;//电话号码
private String email; //邮箱
private String idCardNo;//身份证号
private String icon; //头像
private Integer gender;//性别
}
3、创建VO对象
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class UserVo {
private Long id ;//用户id
private String userName;//用户名
private String password; //密码
//与PO类型不同的属性
private String birthday;//生日
//与PO名称不同的属性
private String telNumber;//电话号码
private String email; //邮箱
private String idCardNo;//身份证号
private String icon; //头像
private Integer gender;//性别
}
4、创建映射接口
(目的:实现同名同类型属性、不同名称属性、不同类型属性的映射;)
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "tel",target = "telNumber")
@Mapping(source = "birthday",target = "birthday",dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
UserVo convertToVo(User user);
}
5、效果演示
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@GetMapping("/mapStructToVo")
public Result mapStructToVo() {
User user = new User();
user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087");
UserVo userVo = userMapper.convertToVo(user);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVo));
return Result.success(userVo);
}
}
{"birthday":"2021-11-26","email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}
正如运行效果所示,User对象中的tel字段的值被映射到UserVo对象的telNumber字段上了,User对象中的Date类型的birthday被映射到UserVo中的String类型的birthday上了,完全OK!
6、MapStruct实现原理
其实MapStruct的实现原理很简单,就是根据我们在Mapper接口中使用的@Mapper和@Mapping等注解,在运行时生成接口的实现类,我们可以打开项目的target目录看下;
7、MapStruct对集合进行映射
MapStruct也提供了集合映射的功能,可以直接将一个PO列表转换为一个VO列表,再也不用一个个对象转换了!
在UserMapper接口中添加toVoList方法用于列表转换;
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "tel", target = "telNumber")
@Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
List<UserVo> toVoList(List<User> list);
}
测试:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
@GetMapping("/mapStructToList")
public Result mapStructToList() {
User user1 = new User().setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕")
.setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087");
User user2 = new User().setId(2).setEmail("1664687767@qq.com").setUserName("小王")
.setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("13455332134");
User user3 = new User().setId(3).setEmail("1323243433@qq.com").setUserName("小张")
.setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("1534323232");
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
userList.add(user1);
userList.add(user2);
userList.add(user3);
List<UserVo> userVoList = UserMapper.INSTANCE.toVoList(userList);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVoList));
return Result.success(userVoList);
}
}
打印结果:
[{“birthday”:“2021-11-24”,“email”:“1964327885@qq.com”,“id”:1,“telNumber”:“18772563087”,“userName”:“小慕”},{“birthday”:“2021-11-24”,“email”:“1664687767@qq.com”,“id”:2,“telNumber”:“13455332134”,“userName”:“小王”},{“birthday”:“2021-11-24”,“email”:“1323243433@qq.com”,“id”:3,“telNumber”:“1534323232”,“userName”:“小张”}]
8、子集和映射
MapStruct对于对象中包含子对象也需要转换的情况也是有所支持的。
- 例如我们有一个订单PO对象Order,嵌套有User和Product对象;
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class Order {
private Long id;
private String orderNo;//订单号
private Date createTime;
private String receiverAddress; //收货地址
private User user;//订单所属的用户
private List<Product> productList; //商品集合
}
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class Product {
private Long id;
private String productSn;
private String name;
private String subTitle;
private String brandName;
private BigDecimal price;
private Integer count;//商品数量
private Date createTime;
}
- 我们需要转换为OrderDo对象,OrderDo中包含UserVo和ProductVo两个子对象同样需要转换
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class OrderVo {
private Long id;
private String orderNo; //订单号
private Date createTime;
private String receiverAddress; //收货地址
//子对象映射Dto
private UserVo userVo;//订单所属的用户
//子对象数组映射Dto
private List<ProductVo> productVoList; //商品集合
}
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class ProductVo {
//使用常量
private Long id;
//使用表达式生成属性
private String productSn;
private String name;
private String subTitle;
private String brandName;
private BigDecimal price;
//使用默认值
private Integer number;//商品数量
private Date createTime;
}
- 我们只需要创建一个Mapper接口,然后通过使用uses将子对象的转换Mapper注入进来,然后通过@Mapping设置好属性映射规则即可
@Mapper(uses = {UserMapper.class,ProductMapper.class})
public interface OrderMapper {
OrderMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(OrderMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "user",target = "userVo")
@Mapping(source = "productList",target = "productVoList")
OrderVo convertToVo(Order order);
}
@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class})
public interface ProductMapper {
ProductMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductMapper.class);
@Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L")
@Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "1")
@Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())")
ProductVo convertToVo(Product product);
}
- 接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过Mapper中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法toDto
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@ApiOperation(value = "子对象映射")
@GetMapping("/mapStructToSubVo")
public Result mapStructToSubVo() {
//创建一个user对象
User user = new User();
user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕")
.setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087");
//创建productList
List<Product> productList = new ArrayList<>();
productList.add(new Product().setCount(3));
productList.add(new Product().setCount(7));
Order order = new Order();
order.setUser(user).setProductList(productList);
OrderVo orderVo = OrderMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(order);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(orderVo));
return Result.success(orderVo);
}
}
打印结果:
从运行结果来看,可以发现子对象属性已经被转换了。 Product对象中count字段的值映射到ProductVo的number字段上了,完全OK
{"productVoList":[{"id":-1,"number":3,"productSn":"a27c7f07-7f5b-45e1-ae99-cea741b35d85"},{"id":-1,"number":7,"productSn":"75012846-bdc2-4dc1-849b-47442bba70c8"}],"userVo":{"birthday":"2021-11-24","email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}}
9、合并映射
MapStruct也支持把多个对象属性映射到一个对象中去。
- 例如这里把User和Order的部分属性映射到UserOrderDto中去;
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class UserOrderVo {
private Long id ;//用户id
private String userName;//用户名
private String password; //密码
//与PO类型不同的属性
private String birthday;//生日
//与PO名称不同的属性
private String telNumber;//电话号码
private String email;
private String idCardNo;//身份证号
private String icon; //头像
private Integer gender;//性别
private String orderNo; //订单号
private String receiverAddress; //用户收货地址
}
- 然后在Mapper中添加toUserOrderVo方法,这里需要注意的是由于参数中具有两个属性,需要通过参数名称.属性的名称来指定source来防止冲突(这两个参数中都有id属性);
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "user.tel",target = "telNumber")
@Mapping(source = "user.birthday",target = "birthday",dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
@Mapping(source = "user.id",target = "id")
@Mapping(source = "order.orderNo", target = "orderNo")
@Mapping(source = "order.receiverAddress", target = "receiverAddress")
UserOrderVo toUserOrderVo(User user, Order order);
}
接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过Mapper中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法toUserOrderDto
@ApiOperation(value = "组合映射")
@GetMapping("/compositeMapping")
public Result compositeMapping() {
//新建一个user对象
User user = new User();
user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕")
.setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087");
//新建一个Order对象
Order order = new Order();
order.setReceiverAddress("湖北省武汉市洪山区").setOrderNo("323121213232");
UserOrderVo userOrderVo = UserMapper.INSTANCE.toUserOrderVo(user,order);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userOrderVo));
return Result.success(userOrderVo);
}
打印结果:
{"birthday":"2021-11-24","email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"orderNo":"323121213232","receiverAddress":"湖北省武汉市洪山区","telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}
从打印结果来看,可以发现User和Order中的属性已经被映射到userOrderVo中去了。
3、MapStruct的进阶玩法
1、使用Spring依赖注入
上面的例子我们都是通过Mapper接口中的INSTANCE实例来调用方法的,在Spring中我们也是可以使用依赖注入的。
- 想要使用依赖注入,我们只要将@Mapper注解的componentModel参数设置为spring即可,这样在生成接口实现类时,MapperStruct会为其添加@Component注解;
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring") //使用spring依赖注入
public interface UserMapper {
// UserMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "tel", target = "telNumber")
@Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
UserVo convertToVo(User user);
}
- 接下来在Controller中使用@Autowired注解注入即可使用;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserMapper userMapper;
@GetMapping("/mapStructToVo")
public Result mapStructToVo() {
User user = new User();
user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087");
UserVo userVo = userMapper.convertToVo(user);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(userVo));
return Result.success(userVo);
}
}
结果:
{"birthday":"2021-11-24",
"email":"1964327885@qq.com","id":1,"telNumber":"18772563087","userName":"小慕"}
2、使用常量、默认值和表达式
使用MapStruct映射属性时,我们可以设置属性为常量或者默认值,也可以通过Java中的方法编写表达式来自动生成属性。
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class Product {
private Long id;
private String productSn;
private String name;
private String subTitle;
private String brandName;
private BigDecimal price;
private Integer count;//商品数量
private Date createTime;
}
- 我们想把Product转换为ProductVo对象,id属性设置为常量,count设置默认值为1,productSn设置为UUID生成;
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
public class ProductVo {
//使用常量
private Long id;
//使用表达式生成属性
private String productSn;
private String name;
private String subTitle;
private String brandName;
private BigDecimal price;
//使用默认值
private Integer number;//商品数量
private Date createTime;
}
- 创建ProductMapper接口,通过@Mapping注解中的constant、defaultValue、expression设置好映射规则;
@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class})
public interface ProductMapper {
ProductMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductMapper.class);
@Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L") //给转换后的productVo的id字段设置为常量-1
@Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "1")
@Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())")
ProductVo convertToVo(Product product);
}
- 接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过接口中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法convertToVo;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {
@GetMapping("/defaultMapping")
public Result defaultMapping() {
Product product = new Product();
product.setId(100L);
product.setCount(null);
ProductVo productVo = ProductMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(product);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(productVo));
return Result.success(productVo);
}
}
结果
{"id":-1,"number":1,"productSn":"5673a313-fde6-450c-8c55-f8242b57af2a"}
3、在MapStruct映射前后进行自定义切面处理
MapStruct也支持在映射前后做一些自定义操作,类似Spring的AOP中的切面。
- 由于此时我们需要创建自定义处理方法,创建一个抽象类ProductRoundMapper,通过@BeforeMapping注解自定义映射前操作,通过@AfterMapping注解自定义映射后操作;
@Mapper(imports = {UUID.class})
public abstract class ProductRoundMapper {
public static ProductRoundMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(ProductRoundMapper.class);
@Mapping(target = "id",constant = "-1L")
@Mapping(source = "count",target = "number",defaultValue = "1")
@Mapping(target = "productSn",expression = "java(UUID.randomUUID().toString())")
public abstract ProductVo convertToVo(Product product);
@BeforeMapping
public void beforeMapping(Product product){
//映射前当price<0时设置为0
if(product.getPrice().compareTo(BigDecimal.ZERO)<0){
product.setPrice(BigDecimal.ZERO);
}
}
@AfterMapping
public void afterMapping(@MappingTarget ProductVo productVo){
//映射后设置当前时间为createTime
productVo.setCreateTime(new Date());
}
}
接下来在Controller中创建测试接口,直接通过Mapper中的INSTANCE实例调用转换方法convertToVo;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {
@GetMapping("/defaultMapping")
public Result defaultMapping() {
Product product = new Product();
product.setId(100L);
product.setCount(null);
product.setPrice(new BigDecimal(-100) );
ProductVo productVo = ProductRoundMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(product);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONStringWithDateFormat(productVo,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
return Result.success(productVo);
}
}
结果“
{"createTime":"2021-11-26 11:26:11","id":-1,"number":1,"price":0,"productSn":"cf387cf1-8750-4f5a-adaa-2037ac7d719a"}
4、MapStruct里的验证器
- 我们先创建一个验证类,当Userd对象的tel超过11位时就抛出异常;
public class UserValidator {
public String validatePrice(String tel) throws Exception {
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(tel)&&tel.length()>11){
throw new Exception("手机号位数超过11位了");
}
return tel;
}
}
- 之后我们通过@Mapper注解的uses属性运用验证类;
@Mapper(uses = {UserValidator.class},imports = {UUID.class})
public interface UserExceptionMapper {
UserExceptionMapper INSTANCE = Mappers.getMapper(UserExceptionMapper.class);
@Mapping(source = "tel", target = "telNumber")
@Mapping(source = "birthday", target = "birthday", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
UserVo convertToVo(User user) throws Exception;
}
最后我们在Controller层验证下效果
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@GetMapping("/mapStructToVo")
public Result mapStructToVo() {
User user = new User();
user.setId(1).setEmail("1964327885@qq.com").setUserName("小慕").setBirthday(new Date()).setTel("18772563087");
try {
UserVo userVo = UserExceptionMapper.INSTANCE.convertToVo(user);
}catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
return Result.success("");
}
}
结果:手机号位数超过11位了
5、可以在mapper接口中定义默认方法和静态方法,使用@Named 区分区分匹配
当使用 Java 8 或更高版本时,您可以直接在映射器接口中实现自定义方法作为默认方法。如果参数和返回类型匹配,生成的代码将调用默认方法。
与users 引用的外部类一样的效果,source中的属性会匹配到对用的方法执行。
@Mapper
public interface CarMapper {
@Mapping(...)
...
CarDto carToCarDto(Car car);
default PersonDto personToPersonDto(Person person) {
//hand-written mapping logic
}
}
@Mapper
public interface MovieMapper {
@Mapping( target = "category", qualifiedByName = "CategoryToString", defaultValue = "DEFAULT" )
GermanRelease toGerman( OriginalRelease movies );
@Named("CategoryToString")
default String defaultValueForQualifier(Category cat) {
// some mapping logic
}
}
MapStruct 生成的类实现了该方法carToCarDto()。中生成的代码会在映射属性时carToCarDto()调用手动实现的方法。personToPersonDto()
- 映射器也可以以抽象类而不是接口的形式定义,并直接在映射器类中实现自定义方法。在这种情况下,MapStruct 将生成抽象类的扩展,其中包含所有抽象方法的实现。与声明默认方法相比,这种方法的一个优点是可以在映射器类中声明附加字段。
@Mapper
public abstract class CarMapper {
@Mapping(...)
...
public abstract CarDto carToCarDto(Car car);
public PersonDto personToPersonDto(Person person) {
//hand-written mapping logic
}
}
6、灵活应用表达式expression
@Mapper(componentModel = "spring")
public interface DelegateInforConveter {
@Mapping(source = "fileList", target = "dispatchFile")
@Mapping(source = "applicantDate", target = "applicantDate", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
@Mapping(source = "expectFinishDate", target = "expectFinishDate", dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd")
TblDelegateInformation convert(ReceiveOperaMainReq receiveOperaMainReq);
//
//@Mapping(target = "dispatchFileList", expression = "java(new com.sip.pwpm.application.core.service.detective.handle.FlowApproveService().processAttachToList(delegateInformation.getDispatchFile()))")
//@Mapping(target = "sketchFileList",expression = "java(new com.sip.pwpm.application.core.service.detective.handle.FlowApproveService().processAttachToList(projectInformation.getSketchFile()))")
@Mapping(target = "dispatchFileList", expression = "java(DelegateInforConveter.processAttachToList(delegateInformation.getDispatchFile()))")
@Mapping(target = "sketchFileList", expression = "java(DelegateInforConveter.processAttachToList(projectInformation.getSketchFile()))")
ConfessdetailResp conver(TblDelegateInformation delegateInformation, TblProjectInformation projectInformation);
default String map(List<FileInfoVo> infoVoList) {
return JSON.toJSONString(infoVoList);
}
@Named(value = "toJson")
static String processAttachToJson(List<FileInfoVo> imgs) {
return JSON.toJSONString(imgs);
}
@Named(value = "toList")
static List<FileInfoVo> processAttachToList(String imgs) {
return (org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isEmpty(imgs) ? new ArrayList<>() : JSON.parseArray(imgs, FileInfoVo.class));
}
}
7、 更新现有的 bean 实例
- 在某些情况下,您需要不创建目标类型的新实例而是更新该类型的现有实例的映射。这种映射可以通过为目标对象添加一个参数并用 标记这个参数来实现@MappingTarget。下面显示了一个示例:
@Mapper
public interface CarMapper {
void updateCarFromDto(CarDto carDto, @MappingTarget Car car);
}
该方法的生成代码将使用给定对象的属性updateCarFromDto()更新传递的实例。可能只有一个参数被标记为映射目标。你也可以将方法的返回类型设置为目标参数的类型,这将导致生成的实现更新传递的映射目标并返回它。这允许流畅地调用映射方法